... Abstract Andre Robert’s concept of ‘gastric cytoprotection’ was based on wrong premises (in part because of the initial lack of histologic evaluation). It, nevertheless, stimulated extensive research that led to better understanding of cell/tissue injury, discovery of new pathways...

...References References 1. Robert A, Nezamis JE, Lancaster C, Hanchar AJ: Cytoprotection by prostaglandins in rats. Prevention of gastric necrosis produced by alcohol, HCl, NaOH, hypertonic NaCl, and thermal injury. Gastroenterology 1979;77:433-443 2. Robert A: Cytoprotection...

... to the pancreatitis-related pain. Further, the excitation of sensory nerves by H 2 S through T-type calcium channels exerts mucosal cytoprotection against colitis in rats. Together, endogenous H 2 S formed by CSE appears to stimulate sensory nerves by targeting Ca v 3.2 T-type calcium channels and, in some cases...

... of previous studies have suggested that mild stress enhances gastric mucosal defense mechanisms, by which gastric epithelial cells can withstand more potent stress, a phenomenon called ‘adaptive cytoprotection’. In the early 1980s, Andre Robert first reported that endogenous prostaglandins produced by mild...

...References References 1. Sikiric P, Seiwerth S, Brcic L, et al: Revised Robert's cytoprotection and adaptive cytoprotection and stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157. Possible significance and implications for novel mediator. Curr Pharm Des 2010;16:1224-1234 2. Sikiric P, Petek M...

...References References 1. Selye H: Syndrome produced by diverse noxious agents. Nature 1936;138:32 2. Robert A, Nemazis EJ, Lanchaster C, Hauchar J: Cytoprotection of gastric necrosis produced by alcohol, HCl, NaOH, hypertonic NaCl and thermal injury. Gastroenterology 1979;77:433-443 3...

...References References 1. Holzer P: Neural emergency system in the stomach. Gastroenterology 1998;114:823-839 2. Laine L, Takeuchi K, Tarnawski A: Gastric mucosal defense and cytoprotection: bench to bedside. Gastroenterology 2008;135:41-60 3. Palkovits M: Interconnections between...

... conditions. In particular, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide are found to be endogenously generated in the human body and mediate signaling pathways as biological messengers, and are shown to have potent cytoprotective effects. Herein, we summarize the recent advances of therapeutic medical...

...) that was recently claimed to be a novel mediator of Robert's cytoprotection and adaptive cytoprotection [ 1 ]. These assume that as an endogenous mediator it may exhibit the beneficial effect in the whole gastrointestinal tract and, therefore, this peptide could be the most relevant candidate for endogenous ligand...

... secretion) were superior to that of placebo; however, no significant difference was obtained among the actions of atropine, cimetidine and carbenoxolone (1979) in patients with classic duodenal ulcer. This phenomenon observed in animal experiments was named as ‘gastric cytoprotection’ by André Robert...

... these proteins can activate innateimmune cells such as monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells and can promote the developmentof proinflammatory immune responses, they are also cytoprotective and have beenshown to improve organ viability and function after ischemia-reperfusion injury in a numberof...

... interesting in oncology? Very distinctively, they act differently on malignant and normal cells: they exert cytotoxic, anti-angiogenetic, anti-hormonal, detoxicative and anti-inflammatory effects on cancer cells and carcinomas, whereas they do not affect, or even act cytoprotectively, on normal cells...

... applications. They may be subdivided into two groups: gene-based, and cytoprotective/regenerative apporoaches. Considerable progress has been made in gene therapy, and RNA and DNA ‘surgery’ targeting both the muscle and the peripheral nervous system. Some of them are about to reach the market...

... documented (see above). However, the involvement of the sympathetic nervous system in the pathogenesis and cytoprotective action in the gastric mucosa remains controversial. Ko and Cho [ 26 ] showed that neither blockade of the α 1 -, β 1 - and β 2 -adrenoceptors influenced the ulcerogenic action of 100...

... A, Wakabayashi N, Kim SG, Yamamoto M: Scaffolding of Keap1 to the actin cytoskeleton controls the function of Nrf2 as key regulator of cytoprotective phase 2 genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004;101:2046-2051 14. Kong AN, Owuor E, Yu R, Hebbar V, Chen C, Hu R, Mandlekar S: Induction of xenobiotic enzymes...

... 2000;8:31-41 8. Laine L, Takeuchi K, Tarnawski A: Gastric mucosal defense and cytoprotection: bench to bedside. Gastroenterology 2008;135:41-69 9. Lichtenberger LM, Barron M, Marathi U: Association of phosphatidyl-choline and NSAIDs as a novel strategy to reduce gastrointestinal toxicity. Drugs...

... cytoprotective activity, and preservation of thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor cytoprotective functions. J Biol Chem 2007;282:3302-3303 30. Guo RF, Riedemann NC, Ward PA: Role of C5a-C5aR interaction in sepsis. Shock 2004;21:1-7 31. Hotchkiss RS, Tinsley KW, Swanson PE, Schmieg RE, Hui JJ...