... countries; further research is needed to improve our understanding of child sexual abuse experienced by children in low and middle-income countries and global strategies for prevention. Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a prevalent and devastating problem with immediate and long-term consequences...

... Abstract Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI) is known to be a common complication of cardiac surgery that is associated with poor short- and long-term outcomes. The causes of CSA-AKI include the discovered or undiscovered risk factors within the perioperative course, mostly...

...-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI) are both thought of as potentially preventable acute renal lesions because the timing of the insult is known precisely. While this is true, knowledge of the exact biological processes that give rise to each condition is lacking, although there are several common...

... clinical strategies for better treatment. In this review, we will update some typical studies as well as some new concepts, which focus on the quality of care of CSA-AKI. Improving Awareness of CSA-AKI Incidence About 2 million cardiac surgeries are performed all over the world every year...

... Abstract Medical involvement in the diagnosis and treatment of child sexual abuse (CSA) has a well-defined role within a multidisciplinary concept. Due to the increasingly high rate of normal anogenital findings in victims of CSA, forensic aspects are of limited value in establishing...

...' agents after steroids and anti-TNF agents are calcineurin inhibitors (CIs), which inhibit the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-2. There are two options in this class, cyclosporine A (CSA) and tacrolimus (TAC or FK506). CSA has been used extensively to reduce graft rejection after...

... Abstract Hyperuricemia is a common problem among renal transplant recipients. Its prevalenceis clearly attributable to cyclosporine (CsA) use, although individual patients may have otherrisk factors as well. CsA lowers the urinary clearance of uric acid. The specific mechanismfor...

... (AZA) or prednisone and cyclosporine (CSA). MMF was used instead of AZA with prednisone or was added to a combination of prednisone and CSA. Addition of MMF allowed reduction of prednisone dose and led to improvement in inflammation in 10 out of 11 patients. Similar results were obtained in two...

... transplant patients compared to HCV-negative renal transplant patients [ 19 ]. In HCV-positive patients, NODAT may occur more frequently in patients treated with tacrolimus compared to those receiving cyclosporine A (CsA; 57.8 vs. 7.7%, p < 0.0001) [ 20 ]. However, the mechanism by which HCV favors NODAT...

... therapy for severe refractory UC cases. An open-label, randomized controlled trial compared the efficacy of IFX with that of cyclosporine A (CsA) in acute severe UC patients who had been refractory to intravenous (IV) steroid therapy. In this clinical trial, 58 patients were treated with CsA, and 57...