... Abstract The epidermal barrier, predominantly attributed to the stratum corneum (SC), is the outermost part of our body that comprises multiple defensive functions against exogenous attacks and the loss of body substances, e.g. water. A novel investigative method, in vivo Raman confocal...

... Abstract Actinic keratosis is a common result of severe sun damage and is usually present on sun-exposed skin. Reflectance confocal microscopy is a non-invasive clinical imaging modality that results in quasi-histological, en face skin images. In this chapter, we review the available literature...

..., or fluorescein/rose bengal staining). However, morphological analysis requires time and effort, both in terms of technical equipment and labor, and the results are not available immediately. In contrast, when using laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), the anatomy and morphology of the conjunctival...

... al: Agreement between histological diagnosis of skin lesions by histopathologists and a dermato-histopathologist. Int J Dermatol 2009;48:1366-1369. 5. Longo C, Zalaudek I, Argenziano G, et al: New directions in dermatopathology: in vivo confocal microscopy in clinical practice. Dermatol Clin...

...References References 1. Kiesslich R, Burg J, Vieth M, Gnaendiger J, Enders M, Delaney P, Polglase A, McLaren W, Janell D, Thomas S, Nafe B, Galle PR, Neurath MF: Confocal laser endoscopy for diagnosing intraepithelial neoplasias and colorectal cancer in vivo. Gastroenterology 2004;127:706...

...-280 3. Zhivov A, Beck R, Guthoff R: Corneal and conjunctival findings after mitomycin C application in pterygium surgery: an in vivo confocal microscopy study. Acta Ophthalmol 2009;87:166-172 4. Tost F: Practical conjunctival cytology. Ophthalmologe 1999;96:276-289 5. Kobayashi A, Yoshita...

... Abstract Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) has revolutionized endoscopic imaging. It permits a microscopic view of tissue during an ongoing examination for the first time. For hepatobiliary imaging, confocal probes can be introduced into the bile duct via a catheter or cholangioscope during...

... in and through the skin barrier. Int J Cosmet Sci 2012;34:551-559. 11. Caspers PJ, Lucassen GW, Carter EA, et al: In vivo confocal Raman microspectroscopy of the skin: noninvasive determination of molecular concentration profiles. J Invest Dermatol 2001;116:434-442. 12. Schrader B, Dippel B, Wessel S, et...

..., such as those from multiphoton microscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy. The future of actinic keratosis management is likely to be a combination of analysing regional photography to determine potential lesion locations and analysis of the structural and cellular features by reflectance confocal...

... localization of the dermal/epidermal junction in reflectance confocal microscopy images of skin. J Biomed Opt 2011;16:036005. 15. Kurugol S, Dy JG, Rajadhyaksha M, et al: Semi-automated algorithm for localization of dermal/epidermal junction in reflectance confocal microscopy images of human skin. Proc...

...: The conjunctival lymphoid follicle in mucosal immunology. DNA Cell Biol 2002;21:421-433 14. Malandrini A, Martone G, Traversi C, Caporossi A: In vivo confocal microscopy in a patient with recurrent conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia. Acta Ophthalmol 2008;86:690-691 15. Hu Y, Adan ES, Matsumoto Y, Dogru...

... between the cheek and volar forearm skin: effects of age, seasonal changes and artificial forced hydration. Br J Dermatol 2008;158:251-260. 29. Caspers PJ, Lucassen GW, Carter EA, et al: In vivo confocal Raman microspectroscopy of the skin: noninvasive determination of molecular concentration profiles...

... that kills microorganisms is measured, the common analyzed variables are counts of colony-forming units or the percentage of dead bacteria determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy after applying a differentiating stain. All the models are helpful to evaluate new antimicrobial treatment options...

... of confocal scanning laser tomography to optic disc photographs in a prospective study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2009;50:1682-1691. 6. Chauhan BC, McCormick TA, Nicolela MT, LeBlanc RP: Optic disc and visual field changes in a prospective longitudinal study of patients with glaucoma: comparison...

... the clinical utility of these imaging modalities with illustrated examples in a range of common retinal conditions. Recent advances, including widefield photography and angiography, videoangiography and confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy-based angiography will be introduced, with illustrative examples...

... the tissue character. Whereas the use of confocal laser scanning microscopy allows high-resolution imaging of the superficial conjunctival immune system and enables the recording of rapid cellular migration, intravital two-photon microscopy further enables tracking of individual cells and characterization...

... with the confocal microscope). Fig. 1. Staining of RSV-infected nasal epithelial cells with anti-RSVF, G, NPand M2-1 antibodies (findings with the confocal microscope). Tight Junctions Perform a Barrier Function against RSV Infection Nasal epithelial cells develop tight junctions shown by ZO-1...

... the clinician in the detection and monitoring of structural progression (ONH photography, optical coherence tomography, and confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy). The talk is illustrated with examples of clinical imaging, and suggestions for further reading are given. Introduction All types...

... and confocal microscopy. Much OCT research has been performed on keratinocyte dysplasia and neoplasia, primarily including basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and actinic keratosis. In regards to BCC and actinic keratosis, architectural disarray of the epidermis is an overall characteristic finding in OCT images. OCT...