... Abstract The optimum growth and body composition of the preterm baby is unknown despite non-evidence-based opinions that this should mimic that of the full-term infant. The relationship between body composition at birth, in both preterm and full-term babies, and later cardiometabolic outcomes...

... Air-displacement plethysmography Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry Quantitative magnetic resonance Key Messages Measuring body composition in pediatric practice can inform clinical nutrition recommendations related to weight maintenance or growth. Growth is associated...

... decrease in salivation is having to undergo radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. The result is often rampant dental caries (Fig.  3 ). Finally, aging affects the salivary glands and alters flow rate and ion and protein composition of saliva. Salivation may be further impacted by certain medications used...

... of parameter values at a specific point in time, are more predictive of outcomes and, therefore, growth velocity and change in Z score over time warrant monitoring in preterm infant clinical care. Body composition monitoring provides information regarding fat and lean mass accrual and distribution. Research...

... Abstract Food composition tables and databases (FCT/FCDB) centralize data on the energy and nutrient content of foods of a certain country or region. They are essential for many activities related to nutrition. The main factors that can affect the quality of FCT/FCDB are the sources of the data...

... and erythropoiesis in both sexes. In this chapter, we discuss preclinical and clinical data on sex-specific androgen metabolism and androgen effect on body composition. Introduction Androgens encompass several steroid hormones that may be de novo secreted by gonads and adrenal glands or produced in different...

... Abstract Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are elongations of the milk sugar lactose by galactose, N-acetylglucosamine, fucose; and sialic acid. The HMO composition of breast milk is strongly influenced by polymorphisms of the maternal fucosyltransferases, FUT2 and FUT3, and by the stage...

... miRNAs and at very low abundance. The variation in miRNA content and composition during the lactation period has been characterized [ 9 ]. Total miRNA concentration was similar at 3 lactation stages (2, 4, and 6 months) as were the top 20 known miRNAs and the number and expression of known miRNAs...

... for clinical studies and, in some cases, addition to commercially available infant formula. Herein, the current evidence on HM protein composition and bioactivity of HM proteins is reviewed. Introduction Human milk (HM) provides nutrients in readily bioavailable forms that ensure optimal infant growth...

... explained how human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are synthesized in the mammary gland and how polymorphism in genes involved as well as stage of lactation can affect their composition in breast milk. Several observational and basic research studies strongly suggest that HMOs influence early-life microbiota...

... of the lipid lamellae in the intercellular space of the stratum corneum (SC) and by quantitatively characterizing the composition of key SC lipids. Recently, the combination of a non-invasive lipid barrier visualization (Lipbarvis®) technique (SC sampling and morphometric analysis) and SC lipid composition...