... Abstract Vascular chronic diseases represent one of the leading causes of end-stage renal disease in incident dialysis patients. B-Mode ultrasound (US) and color Doppler (CD) have a high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of vascular chronic diseases. US and CD should be used...

... and macro/microcirculation damage. Chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) is the third leading cause of chronic kidney disease and it represents the clinical evolution of a variety of primary or secondary glomerular diseases. Kidneys in CGN are gradually reduced in volume, but remain symmetric, easily...

... stages of the disease. Nephromegaly with normal kidney shape is the first sign of lymphoma or multiple myeloma. In systemic vasculitis, renal cortex is diffusely hyperechoic, while pyramids appear hypoechoic and globular due to interstitial edema. When vasculitis determines advanced chronic kidney...

... Abstract Chronic tubulointerstitial diseases are a common final pathway toward chronic renal failure regardless the primary damage (glomerular, vascular or directly the tubulointerstitium). Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis (CTN) is characterized by interstitial scarring, fibrosis and tubule...

... Abstract Background: Chronic neuropathy is a highly prevalent condition, and an enormous burden to society, from a health, social and financial standpoint. Identifying new therapeutic strategies that have asignificant impact on the neuropathy patients’ quality of life has been difficult...

... Abstract The role of chronic peritoneal dialysis (CPD) in the management of patient withchronic kidney disease is being reexamined. There has been a decline in CPD utilization inthe United States, which has been attributed to a variety of factors. It is important that thesefactors be understood...