... that the choriocapillaris plexus (CC) has a crucial role in the development and progression of AMD. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a new non-invasive technology, which rapidly acquires volumetric scans that can be segmented at specific depths. Previous dye-based techniques have some significant...

... Abstract Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) can be used to visualize alterations in the choriocapillaris of patients with dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD). These changes seem to be present during all stages of the disease. Earlier stages are associated with patchy...

... 2013;120:844–851. 3. Bhutto I, Lutty G: Understanding age-related macular degeneration (AMD): relationships between the photoreceptor/retinal pigment epithelium/Bruch’s membrane/choriocapillaris complex. Mol Aspects Med 2012;33:295–317. 4. Blaauwgeers HGT, Holtkamp GM, Rutten H, et al: Polarized...

... capillary plexus and the choriocapillaris. This information can have a direct implication on the understanding of the pathogenesis of dystrophies and for their future therapeutic management. Introduction Optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography (OCT-A) is an innovative imaging technique based...

.... A neovascular membrane appears as either a medusa-shaped complex or a glomerulus-shaped lesion in the outer retina and the choriocapillaris layer. Furthermore, in the choriocapillaris layer, the external borders of the lesion appear as a dark ring in most cases, and one or more central feeder vessels...

...-like lesion was present in the choriocapillaris segment. Moreover, in some cases, this clew-like lesion seemed to be connected to the choroid through a small-caliber vessel. Conclusion: OCTA of treatment-naïve type 3 neovascularization shows high-flow, tuft-shaped, abnormal outer retinal...

... including oxidative damage to retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, complement deposition in the RPE-Bruch's membrane-choriocapillaris complex, lipidization of Bruch's membrane, and extracellular matrix abnormalities (e.g. collagen crosslinking, advanced glycation end product formation). Antiangiogenic...

... of classic CNV in AMD also allows to determine the origin of the CNV at the level of the choriocapillaris, the precise location of the ‘effraction' of the retinal pigment epithelium layer, the hyper-reflective course of type 2 CNV, in front of the retinal pigment epithelium and the correspondence between...

..., Mastropasqua R: Retinal vascular plexuses’ changes in dry age-related macular degeneration, evaluated by means of optical coherence tomography angiography. Retina 2016;36:1566–1572. 3. Mullins RF, Johnson MN, Faidley EA, Skeie JM, Huang J: Choriocapillaris vascular dropout related to density of drusen...

... choroidal-retinal anastomosis [ 10, 12, 13 ]. However, in a study of treatment-naïve eyes, Miere et al. [ 13 ] also noted microvascular alterations with choriocapillaris segmentation in 15 out of 18 eyes with type 3 NV. It should be noted that the choriocapillaris is particularly prone to projection...

... and choroidal microvasculature [4, 5]. In the outer retina or choriocapillaris segmentation of OCTA, active CNV appears as a high flow structure composed of tiny vessels, forming anastomoses and loops, and is associated with a peripheral arcade surrounded by a dark halo. Different aspects of CNV have been...

...) in the choriocapillaris (green lines on B-scan image), consistent with active neovascularization. Fig. 4 Case 4. Retinal macroaneurysm. Right eye of a 75-year-old male patient with retinal macroaneurysm along the superior vascular arcade. At the deep segmented layer (green lines on B-scan image), SS-OCTA scan...

... of AMD. Early and intermediate AMD have been shown to be associated with choroidal thinning, choriocapillaris (CC) alterations under drusen, and intraretinal vascular depletion. OCTA of geographic atrophy (GA), the late stage of dry AMD, has demonstrated CC loss under the lesion itself and decreased CC...

... of potential artifacts that can arise and confuse the interpretation of images. The key step in interpreting SS-OCTA images involves the selection of the most appropriate segmentation strategy for the detection of MNV. In general, a slab extending from the outer retina to the choriocapillaris, referred...

... predominantly inside of the deep neurovascular plexus. In both the superficial and deep neurovascular plexuses, in all cases, there was evidence of perifoveal microvascular alterations similar to teleangectasias. Analysis of the choriocapillaris revealed areas of hypo- and hyper-reflectivity that were...

..., representing the deep retinal vasculature; and blue, representing any vessels present in the normally avascular outer retina. Each retinal layer can be viewed separately, and the microvascular layers representing the choriocapillaris and the remaining choroid can be viewed separately as well. In addition...

..., fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, spectral-domain OCT and OCT-A. Results: Segmentation of the choriocapillaris layer on OCT-A revealed the branching vascular network as a hyper-flow lesion, and it revealed the polypoidal lesion as a hyper-flow round structure surrounded by a hypo...

... vascular network, as well as collateral architectural changes in the outer retina and the choriocapillaris layer, in the majority of the studied eyes. These features are associated with both active and inactive fibrotic choroidal neovessels. Fibrosis and geographic atrophy are the end points...