... Diarrhea Nutrition Child Infection Key Messages Diarrhea remains one of the leading causes of mortality among children under 5 years of age. Leading risk factors for diarrhea include childhood wasting, unsafe water, and poor sanitation and hygiene. Scaling up of proven...

... Abstract Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is common in childhood cancer survivors (CCS). Major risk factors for GHD include radiation therapy, both cranial and total body irradiation, and tumor location. Some newer anti-cancer therapies may impact growth and the GH-IGF-1 axis as well. While...

... Abstract Although childhood-onset craniopharyngioma is a low-grade intracranial tumor with excellent prognosis in terms of overall survival, survivors may suffer from devastating consequences caused by hypothalamic damage. Disease- or treatment-related hypothalamic damage leads to disturbed...

... Abstract The spectrum of bone morbidity in childhood cancer survivors (CCS) is broad and extends beyond “low bone mineral density” to structural damage including fracture-induced vertebral deformity, and joint collapse due to osteonecrosis or slipped capital femoral epiphysis. In addition...

... Abstract Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) are at increased risk of developing thyroid disorders during follow-up. Radiation therapy to a field that includes the thyroid gland and 131 I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine ( 131 I-MIBG) treatment are the main risk factors for thyroid sequelae, which...

... Abstract Greater abilities for executive control in childhood have long-term benefits for academic and vocational success. Therefore, lifestyle approaches with the potential to support executive control in childhood stand to have long-term implications not only for physical but also...

... resulted in greater whole body protein balance over a 24-h period than 15 g immediately or 4 h after exercise cessation in children [ 12 ]. However, increased intakes of dietary protein in early childhood beyond that of the current recommendations have been associated with increased risk of childhood...

... Abstract Franz Kafka's Letter to His Father is one of the greatest examples in world literature of memory of a traumatic childhood. In it, the author takes a retrospective journey through his life, recollecting and analyzing the reasons for the estrangement and hostility between a father...

..., and infectious diseases in pregnancy can result in preterm delivery. Both of these conditions are important contributors to stunting in early childhood, albeit their relative contribution varies by world region. After birth, growth faltering may begin at 3-5 months of life and becomes more prominent from 6 to 18...

... of CAH differ depending on patient age and sex. During childhood, the main aims of the medical treatment of CAH due to 21-OHD are to prevent salt loss, to achieve normal stature and to undergo normal puberty [ 2 ]. Once growth is complete, the management goals change, therefore the GC regimen should...

... Abstract Girls with Turner syndrome (TS) require special consideration during transition from childhood to adult care. During the transition years, treatment for short stature will be completed and sexual development induced in parallel with the peer group. The timing of sexual development may...

... Teen obesity is a serious global public health issue in numerous countries [ 1 ]. Hypothalamic obesity (HO) is a very rare and special condition in the obesity spectrum that usually begins in childhood and progresses with age with an aggregate of severe comorbidities. Eating disorders range from...

... spectrum are patients with CHH who do not initiate/complete puberty spontaneously. HPG Axis and Puberty Puberty refers to the biological events and sexual maturation bridging childhood and adulthood that culminate in full reproductive capacity [ 1 ]. Adolescence is the complementary developmental...