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...-open. B. - Surgical treatment-minimally invasive. C. Statement of Ethics Written informed consent for publication of images was collected from the patients by the corresponding author for all the photos included in this chapter. Conflict of Interest Statement The authors have...

... The research presented in this chapter adhered to ethical principles, including the Declaration of Helsinki. No patient data requiring informed consent was used. All data analysis and reporting were conducted in accordance with ethical guidelines for data privacy and confidentiality. Conflict of Interest...

... for publication of images was collected from the patients by the corresponding author for all the photos included in this chapter. Conflict of Interest Statement The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. Funding Sources The authors received no financial support for the research...

... ] and bunionette corrections [ 8 ]. Utilisation of these techniques requires a good understanding of the anatomy of the lesser toes and metatarsophalangeal joints, the pathoanatomy of the deformities and experience with MIS instruments positioning, techniques and postoperative care. In this chapter we...

... Nil. Author Contributions TUS – Chapter Author. AW – Chapter Co-Author and Chapter Supervisor. References References 1. Tan J , Lau JTC . Metatarso-sesamoid osteoarthritis as a cause of pain after first metatarsophalangeal joint fusion: case report . Foot Ankle Int...

... may require more time to heal and return to full activity. Only a small percentage of people need surgical therapy (see Chapter 6). Conservative therapies for MTP instability aim to halt the disease's progression and lessen the symptoms. At the beginning, shoe modifications like a wider toe box...

.... Generally, most metatarsal injuries have a favorable prognosis. Fifth metatarsal fractures (Jones’ fractures) and Lisfranc fracture-dislocation are covered separately in the next two chapters of the book. This is because fifth metatarsal fractures are the most common fractured bone in the metatarsals...

..., encompassing 16 chapters, all peer reviewed ad hoc by international experts in the field of dentistry. Individual chapters might express different views about subjects included in this monograph – considered an enrichment of the book rather than a contradiction in terms. The question of coronal caries...

... Abstract This chapter summarizes the clinical data on coronal caries distribution and sociodemographic drivers in children, adults, and older people, at a global level. Mapping global caries prevalence showed an extreme variation on the prevalence, revealing still high rates in several...

... mineral alteration has taken place within the dentine. The microorganisms mainly invade the dentine during enamel cavitation. In this chapter, the current improvement of knowledge on advanced carious lesions has been assessed in detail both histologically and radiographically. From a radiographic point...

... Abstract The development of the human dentition is prone to disruption due to its delicate and complex nature – including variations in tooth number and anatomical form and in the characteristics of enamel, dentine, and cementum. This chapter will focus on developmental defects of dental enamel...

... the acid impact. This chapter provides an updated, evidence-based understanding of the interactions between enamel and oral fluids. Introduction When the tooth erupts into the oral cavity, it will be bathed by two oral fluids, saliva and biofilm fluid, that will determine the future of the mineral...