... and pharmacological regimens, multiple CT scans with contrast agents, and new therapeutic options are also increasing the number of cancer patients who can develop acute kidney injury (AKI) or chronic kidney disease (CKD). Challenges: Targeted therapies and immunotherapies, which harness the body’s own immune...

... Abstract There is increasing concern regarding how to sustainably meet the basic needs of a growing population with a continuously decreasing resource base. This study analyses the water-energy-food nexus in Burundi. The country experiences challenging demographic pressures which increase...

... a balanced diet. The quality of food is subordinated to its quantity and many women and men never learn about the importance of healthy nutrition or their right to it. This shows the challenges that are posed for sustainable development and, thus, for international development cooperation. The sustainable...

... Abstract The distinction between Cushing's syndrome and pseudo-Cushing is a major clinical challenge. Indeed, any endocrinologist used to dealing with Cushing's syndrome has certainly faced this dilemma more than once and is aware that there are no clear-cut solutions. Several factors...

... to observe a trend of lowering amputation rates, with high disparities among different countries and regions. Even though care and attention for this complication have increased, the challenge is still present. What May Be the Reasons? The key condition for DF ulceration is insensitivity to pain. Dr...

... scientific challenges of the 21st century is to understand the way dietary nutrients are taken up, stored, mobilized, and utilized by the body both at the system and at the cellular levels. Such a scientific challenge can be addressed through a paradigm shift which combines the conventional reductionist...

..., and the negotiation of patient-centred goals. Other chapters in this book have described the nature and magnitude of the problems facing healthcare in addressing the problem of multimorbidity, and the challenges posed by comorbidity of physical and mental health problems in particular. At the heart...

... in neonatal mortality. Nutritional support to extremely low birth weight (ELBW) and very low birth weight (VLBW) infants is important to improve neonatal outcomes, but is a challenge under constraint conditions. Fig. 1 Prevalence rates of preterm births (% of total number of births) in different...

... challenges before considering BMSC transplantation for patients with ischemic stroke. In this review, therefore, the authors discuss what should be clarified to establish cell transplantation therapy in the clinical setting and describe their scientific contributions in this matter. The BMSC have the ability...

... virus and fed acidified whey-adapted starter formulas. Nutrition 2008;24:203-211 12. Cooper PA: The clinical challenge of preventing and treating malnutrition. Nestle Nutr Workshop Ser Pediatr Program 2010;66:31-34 13. Kerac M, Blencowe H, Grijalva-Eternod C, McGrath M, Shoham J, Cole TJ, Seal...

... challenge, is to offer each older cancer patient appropriate care, suited to his cancer characteristics as well as his health status (age, comorbidities, long-term treatment, cognitive status…). This approach is incorporated into a global quality of care approach for all cancer patients. As a result...

...-infected mothers is recommended; otherwise exclusive breastfeeding is recommended [ 8 ]. The challenge is to identify the infants of those families who can be fed safely with breast milk substitutes, and this requires intimate knowledge of the community on the part of the health worker. However, recent...

..., their relationship with the phenotype and their interaction with environmental risk factors [ 22 , 23 ] remains a great challenge. Environmental Factors These include exposure to viral infections [ 24 ], autoimmune, toxic or traumatic insults and stress during gestation, birth or childhood [ 25 – 27...

... Abstract Allergen challenge by inhalation is a very useful clinical and research tool for evaluatingallergic airway disease. Inhalation of allergen leads to cross-linking of allergen-specificIgE bound to IgE receptors on mast cells and basophils. This is followed by activation ofsecretory...