... Abstract Tendinopathy of the long head of the biceps is a common cause of anterior shoulder pain. As such, the anatomy and function of the tendon as well as its pathophysiology and different treatment methods have been studied extensively. The pathophysiology is a spectrum beginning...

...References References 1. Ahrens PM, Boileau P: The long head of the biceps and associated tendinopathy. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2007;89:1001-1009 2. Alpantaki K, McLaughlin D, Karagogeos D, Hadjipavlou A, Kontakis G: Sympathetic and sensory neural elements in the tendon of the long head...

..., function, injuries, and treatment of the long head of the biceps brachii tendon. Arthroscopy 2011;27:581-592 6. Yamamoto A, et al: Prevalence and risk factors of a rotator cuff tear in the general population. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2010;19:116-120 7. Gartsman GM, et al: Self-assessment of general...

..., function, injuries, and treatment of the long head of the biceps brachii tendon. Arthroscopy 2011;27:581-592 6. Yamamoto A, et al: Prevalence and risk factors of a rotator cuff tear in the general population. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2010;19:116-120 7. Gartsman GM, et al: Self-assessment of general...

... and the coracohumeral ligament. They form a pulley that stabilizes the biceps, whose management is important during subscapularis repair. Epidemiology Tears of the subscapularis are more frequent than estimated by open approaches [ 4 , 5 ]. Arthroscopy has allowed to establish the true prevalence...

... and potential reparability of cuff tissues, while also providing information about other structures such as the labrum and biceps [ 3 - 6 ]. The size of the tear alone is not an indication of reparability, as acute massive tears may retain tissue elasticity and thus may be freely mobile [ 3 , 5 , 7 ]. Signs...

...: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Sports Med 2007;35:1254-1260 11. Franceschi F, Longo UG, Ruzzini L, Papalia R, Rizzello G, Denaro V: To detach the long head of the biceps tendon after tenodesis or not: outcome analysis at the 4-year follow-up of two different techniques. Int Orthop 2007;31:537-545...

.... Distal or supracondylar humerus transplants are performed with primary repairs of brachialis fascia/tendon and biceps/triceps tendon of the donor to the recipient. End-to-end brachial artery and vein and superficial vein anastomoses are performed. Fixation is provided by single plate osteosynthesis...

... UG, Ruzzini L, Rizzello G, Maffulli N, Denaro V: Soft tissue tenodesis of the long head of the biceps tendon associated to the Roman bridge repair. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2008;9:78 6. Franceschi F, Longo UG, Ruzzini L, Rizzello G, Maffulli N, Denaro V: The Roman bridge: a ‘double pulley-suture...

... also be debrided to stimulate the residual tendon fibres to heal. If the bursa is inflamed, bursectomy is indicated. Coexisting pathologies such as labral disruptions, long head biceps tendinopathy, or chondral lesions should also be managed at the same time. Arthroscopic Repair of PTRCTs...

..., Denaro V, Maffulli N: Oxygen species and overuse tendinopathy in athletes. Disabil Rehabil 2008;30:1563-1571 21. Longo UG, Franceschi F, Ruzzini L, Rabitti C, Morini S, Maffulli N, Denaro V: Characteristics at haematoxylin and eosin staining of ruptures of the long head of the biceps tendon. Br J...

... tears typically start at the deep surface of the anterior insertion of the supraspinatus, close to the long head of the biceps. This site is subject to greater loads, even at rest. Fibres fail when load exceeds their strength, increasing load on the neighbouring structures. The ability to repair...

... I, Boileau P, Walch G: The proximal biceps as a pain generator and results of tenotomy. Sports Med Arthrosc 2008;16:180-186 36. Castagna A, Conti M, Mouhsine E, et al: Arthroscopic biceps tendon tenodesis: the anchorage technical note. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2006;14:581-585 37...

.... Disabil Rehabil 2008;30:1563-1571 45. Longo UG, Franceschi F, Ruzzini L, Rabitti C, Morini S, Maffulli N, Denaro V: Characteristics at haematoxylin and eosin staining of ruptures of the long head of the biceps tendon. Br J Sports Med 2009;43:603-607 46. Longo UG, Forriol F, Campi S, Maffulli N...

... Disord 2007;8:123 13. Franceschi F, Longo UG, Ruzzini L, Papalia R, Rizzello G, Denaro V: To detach the long head of the biceps tendon after tenodesis or not: outcome analysis at the 4-year follow-up of two different techniques. Int Orthop 2007;31:537-545.1 14. Franceschi F, Longo UG, Ruzzini L...

... to the musculocutaneous nerve, or to the branch of the biceps muscle, partial median NT to the branch of the brachialis muscle, long head of triceps branch transfer to the axillary nerve, and intercostal NT to the branch of the biceps muscle are all examples of distal NT. The priority of proximal NT (extraplexus...

... biceps augmentation for avoiding undue tension in repair of massive rotator cuff tears. Arthroscopy 2009;25:183-191 31. Guery J, Favard L, Sirveaux F, Oudet D, Mole D, Walch G: Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty; survivorship analysis of eighty replacements followed for five to ten years. J Bone...

... the rotator cuff and the long head of the biceps tendon. More information is needed to clarify the topic. Actually no definitive conclusion on the role of serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentration in the pathogenesis of rotator cuff tears can be made. Conclusions Even though rotator cuff tears...