..., usually benefit from tailored therapies. Basic Mechanisms for the Association between Severe IR States and Hyperandrogenism Insulin can produce hyperandrogenism in females with severe IR states by acting at the level of different tissues, which trigger the synthesis and peripheral actions...

... greater elucidation about the transmission (stimulokinetics) and mechanisms of action (stimulodynamics) of medical shockwave treatment (SWT) on tissue. SW: Basic Characteristics and Methods of Propagation It is pertinent to note that an SW differs from an ultrasound wave, in that SWs are biphasic...

.... Furthermore, we give an overview of available statistical software and provide information on data protection and standardization. Whenever you start a scientific project, there is a need to plan ahead and a number of basic considerations have to be thought about. Not everything presented as science...

... blood treatments for specific purposes, and better understanding of their basic aspects may further expand the potential for their clinical application. In this chapter, the basic principles applying to sorbents are discussed, including composition and structure, along with the fundamental mechanisms...

... (1,064 nm). The Basics of Lasers The acronym LASER is derived from the most important elements: Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. The process of spontaneous emission of photons describes the emission of radiation from a usual light source. After excitation, atoms...

... studies in the fields of mucosal immunity and specific humoral immunity originating in the germinal center. Future studies of the tonsils in basic and clinical research are expected to reveal the mechanisms of tonsil-related disorders as well as the nature of human immunity. In this review, which...

...-Hines Z, Puigserver P: Nutrient-dependent acetylation controls basic regulatory metabolic switches and cellular reprogramming. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 2011;76:203-209. 15. Yamamoto M, Iguchi G, Fukuoka H, et al: SIRT1 regulates adaptive response of the growth hormone-insulin-like growth...

... Abstract This chapter summarizes the basic science of radiofrequency (RF) and its application in aesthetic medicine. The main parameters of RF including RF frequency, waveform, power, pulse duration, and penetration depth are described, and its application for treatment is analyzed. Monopolar...

... the ocular surface fluid. To prevent endophthalmitis, it is necessary to make efforts to achieve ‘transient sterilization' of the surgical field by repeated irrigation with 0.25% povidone-iodine. Basic Setup Vitrectomy is one of the ophthalmic surgical procedures that require a large number...

... structures for accurate diagnosis and surgical treatment, has become one of the most active areas of medical research. Among the enormous amount of basic research being published, however, very few techniques have reached the level of clinical use, except for real-time fluorescence imaging techniques using...

... Abstract Neuroinflammation is used to describe an immune-related process that occurs within the central nervous system (CNS). The objective of this chapter is to introduce basic aspects of neuroinflammation in the context of psychiatric disorders. Inflammatory processes are evident in the CNS...