... Abstract Bacterial contamination of platelet components represents the most prevalent transfusion-transmittedinfectious risk, with the exception of viral epidemics. Transfusion services have grappled with this problemfor more than 50 years. It is only within the last 2 decades...

... in the literature, although the total colony-forming units number in saliva was rather low. The number of different bacterial species isolated and identified in each patient as well as the diversity over all patients did not show signs of any influence of the administered antibiotics. Weissella hellenica...

... milk, phages represent a much larger proportion than eukaryotic viruses in most studied body habitats [ 15 ]. These phages can modulate and impact the bacterial ecology through their lytic and lysogenic cycles. Lytic phages infect and hijack their host cell replication and translation machinery...

... a predominately infectious to an immune basis [ 1 ]. For example, there has been a striking increase in allergic and autoimmune diseases. This shift and increase in disease has been attributed to the nature of initial bacterial colonization of the newborn intestine, a revision of the so-called “hygiene hypothesis...

... as dysbiosis, low-grade inflammation and enhanced intestinal permeability have renewed interest in the potential role of the small intestine and its neuromuscular apparatus in IBS. Relationships between small intestinal dysmotility and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) are more clear-cut given...

... Abstract Dendritic cells (DCs) form an abundant network in the kidney tubulointerstitium. Their role in bacterial pyelonephritis (PN) is unknown. Here, we studied that role in a murine PN model induced by transurethral instillation of uropathogenic Escherichia coli twice at a 3-hour interval...

... that are large and diverse in number, with estimations at 10 13 -10 14 bacteria per individual. The composition and concentration of intestinal microbiota are regulated by a multitude of factors such as genetic background, diet, and interaction between commensal and pathogenic bacteria [ 1 ]. Major bacterial...

... demonstrate developmental and functional deficiencies in immune [ 7 ], metabolic [ 8 ], and neuroendocrine [ 9 ]systems in the absence of microbes. A large body of evidence points to the birth process as the initial exposure of the nascent human to microbes. Though bacterial species have been detected...

... epithelium through a range of receptor-ligand interactions, including interactions with Toll-like receptors and adhesion molecules. Regulation of the inflammatory response associated with commensal colonization suggests a possible role for Treg cells in controlling the upper airway responses to bacterial...

... Abstract Bacterial infections are a common complication of patients with chronic liver failure such as cirrhosis. Cirrhotic patients are susceptible to bacterial infections and rapid deterioration may follow after infection, which adversely affects survival. Ascites, which is the most common...

... Abstract Bacterial pathogens are being sequenced at an increasing rate. To many microbiologists, it appears that there simply is not enough time to digest all the information suddenly available. In this chapter we present several tools for comparison of sequenced pathogenic genomes, and discuss...

... and biochemical methods for bacterial isolation and detection, to sequence-based methods for decoding the information that genomes carry to better understand microbial life [ 2 ]. When it comes to decoding the sequence information within a microbial genome, all genes are not equally decipherable. When...

... Abstract The whole genome sequence of most human bacterial pathogens is available and the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies will result in a large number of sequenced isolates per pathogenic species. The study of multiple genome sequences of a given bacterium provides insights...

... provide an overview about the approaches used for the identification of PPIs in human bacterial pathogens, commenting on advantages and pitfalls of the methods. Furthermore, this review intends to show the impact of PPI studies on future research, taking Helicobacter pylori , one of the first sequenced...

... of the bacterial cell surface that are aimed to minimize attraction of the typically cationic AMPs. In addition, bacteria have specific sensors that activate AMP resistance mechanisms when AMPs are present. The prototypical Gram-negative PhoP/PhoQ and the Gram-positive Aps AMP-sensing systems were first described...

... configurations. This chapter is a how-to guide. It describes several strategies for engineering new bacterial sensor systems and synthetic gene networks that are capable of sensing a desired stimulus and generating interesting dynamical or pattern-forming responses. We also provide specification sheets...

... of the diverse strategiesemployed by bacteria to interact with components of the fibrinolytic system and to exploit the systemfor invasion. Moreover, the role of factors of the fibrinolytic cascade in inflammatory host response due todifferent bacterial infections will be presented. ...