... disorders and metabolic diseases. An important method by which the gut microbiome can influence the gut-brain axis is through microbial production of psychoactive metabolites. Several bacteria have been shown to produce metabolites which can impact host health, such as short-chain fatty acids, conjugated...

... studies with caries development as the primary outcome while more studies have been focusing on control of caries risk factors or so-called surrogate outcomes. Several studies have evaluated the effects of probiotic bacteria on MS in saliva and/or plaque, and a number of probiotic strains show ability...

.... The possible involvement of the ‘microbiota-gut-brain' axis in the development of obesity is further discussed, as is the perspective of meta-omic technologies that give insight into the functions and potential effect of the non-cultured intestinal bacteria on the host health. Understanding how modifications...

... involve the development of a pathogenic biofilm, invasion of connective tissue by bacteria or their products, induction of a destructive host response in connective tissue and limitation of are pair process that follows tissue breakdown. Animal studies can test hypotheses related to each of these steps...

... sepsis is a life-threatening complication of these events. This review discusses the virulence factors of common Gram-negative bacteria causing human sepsis with a focus on Neisseria meningitidis . Adherence, motility, colonization and cell entry involve bacterial pili, flagella and outer membrane...

... Abstract Cell-cell communication in bacteria, called quorum sensing, relies on production, release, and detection of signaling molecules, termed autoinducers. Communication enables populations of cells to synchronize gene expression and therefore behave as a group in a manner akin to cells...

... broadenstheir perspective to include other species of bacteria, then our knowledge of chemotaxis is far less developed. In particular, the chemotaxis pathways in unrelated species are quite different despite the conservation of many core signaling proteins. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge...

... Abstract Bacteria have developed several mechanisms which allow the preferred utilization of the most efficiently metabolizable carbohydrates when these organisms are exposed to a mixture of carbon sources. Interestingly, the same or similar mechanisms are used by some pathogens to control...

... gut microflora. This function was tested by purifying human milk oligosaccharidesand providing these as the sole carbon source to various intestinal bacteria. Indeed,the selectively of providing the complex mixture of oligosaccharides pooled from humanmilk samples is remarkable. Among a variety...