... Abstract The relationship between the anterior vitreous interface and the posterior capsule has received increasing attention in the past decade. The advent of integrated intraoperative optical coherence tomography has allowed a real-time opportunity to grasp this dynamic understanding. Here we...

... Abstract The anterior skull base can be divided into three segments: a midline and two symmetrically placed segments located laterally. The midline segment is the roof of the nasal cavity and serves as a watershed between the sinonasal tract and the intracranial space, whereas the lateral...

... Abstract The anterior skull base is a complex anatomic site which may be involved by a large number of biologically heterogenous neoplasms. They arise from the epithelium, both surface mucosa and glands, as well as soft tissues, bone, and cartilage. Many benign and malignant tumours...

... Abstract Treating malignant tumors of the anterior skull base (ASB) is a challenging task, given their late presentation, diverse histology, and involvement of an intricate anatomical space requiring complex surgery. Advances in imaging, gradual refinement of surgical and reconstruction...

... Abstract Anterior skull base tumors represent a challenge for radiation therapy (RT) planning given the close proximity of the target lesion to numerous critical structures in this complex anatomic location. Despite this challenge, surgery followed by postoperative RT is a common treatment...

... Abstract Benign tumors of the anterior cranial base may originate from intracranial, cranial, or extracranial sites. Intracranial tumors such as meningiomas may secondarily involve the cranial base and extend into the sinuses or nasal cavity. Bony tumors arising from the cranium include benign...

... Abstract Anterior skull base meningiomas are a diverse group of tumors that involve different locations. The role of the expanded endoscopic transnasal approach in the management of anterior cranial fossa meningiomas has significantly changed over the past 2 decades. Patient selection...

... remains the mainstay of treatment. Anterior craniofacial resection has been the most widely used surgical technique, while only a few cases have been managed via a transnasal endoscopic approach [ 4 ]. A systematic review of 86 patients by Misra et al. [ 5 ] found the most common treatment modality...

... Abstract Malignancies of the anterior skull base are rare and recur in 40–80% of treated cases, varying with substantial variance according to histology, stage at primary diagnosis, and other factors. Most recurrences manifest within 2–5 years after primary treatment, but some histologies can...

... Abstract In the coming years, further developments can be expected in the field of diagnosis and management of tumors involving the anterior skull base, and especially malignant tumors of the sinonasal tract, which account for the majority of lesions affecting this anatomic area. Advances...

... Abstract Mini glaucoma devices for external filtration may be implanted with an ab externo procedure (Ex-PRESS and InnFocus Microshunt) or with an ab interno procedure (XEN Gel stent). The Ex-PRESS is an FDA-approved mini glaucoma device that has been developed in order to simplify anterior...

... and the location of the anterior ethmoidal artery (AEA). The frontal recess cells and the AEAs were retrospectively evaluated in CT scans of the nasal and paranasal sinuses for 89 patients. The prevalence of agger nasi cells was 90.7%. The frequency of frontal cell types 1, 2, 3 and 4 was 28.8, 0.6, 2.6 and 0...

... Abstract Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) is currently the procedure of choice to restore transparency and curvature in corneal stromal diseases with a healthy endothelium. Preserving the endothelium avoids endothelial rejection and provides a good and stable endothelial cell count...

... Abstract The goal of radiotherapy is to produce maximal damage to the tumor yet at the same time produce minimal damage to the surrounding tissues. Here we discuss anterior chamber complications of radiotherapy. These can vary from ocular surface irritation to blindness and can be subdivided...

... management has been studied and advanced for more than 80 years; however, throughout this period, surgical resection has been the keystone of treatment. The most recent surgical advancement is the use of endoscopic endonasal approaches (EEA) for the resection of ENBs that originate or involve the anterior...

... such as the clival recess or the nasopharyngeal defect after a transnasal approach to the anterior spine. It has the minor added morbidity of an abdominal incision, scar and the potential for infection, hematoma or seroma formation. Endoscopic reconstruction with multilayered free tissue grafts resulted...

... Abstract Anterior cerebral artery (ACA) territory strokes account for 0.5-3% of all ischemic strokes. The etiological mechanisms of ACA territory strokes vary by race; ACA dissection is a frequent cause in Japan. The most prevalent symptom of such strokes is contralateral hemiparesis...

... Abstract The anterior choroidal artery (AChA) originates from the posterior wall of the internal carotid distal to the posterior communicating artery and proximal to the intracerebral carotid bifurcation. This thin artery is rarely the cause of aneurysm and only accounts for 2-5% of all...

... Abstract Proangiogenic growth factors, mainly VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) play a significant role in anterior segment diseases, characterized by neovascularization. Newly grown vessels in the cornea can lead to an impairment of transparency and visual acuity. Neovascularization...