... maintaining HM as the main source of nutrition. Because of their rapid increase of lean body mass, preterm infants have much higher protein requirements than term infants. Recommendations on protein requirements of preterm infants are available, but protein quality – i.e. the amino acid (AA) profile in HMFs...

...Key Messages Parenteral amino acid supply for very preterm infants can start directly from birth onwards at a rate of 1.5–2.5 g/kg/day safely and can be increased to 3.5 g/kg/day in the next few days. Enterally fed very preterm infants should receive at least 3.5–4.0 g protein/kg/day...

... production coupled with the downregulation of collagen degradation, with dermal fibroblasts being the target cell in this strategy. To this end, peptides (short chains of amino acid sequences) have been incorporated into cosmeceuticals to stimulate collagen production. A reduction in hyperpigmentation...

... Abstract Proteins are polymers composed of 30 or more amino acids; some of them are essential dietary components, since they are not synthetized by human metabolic processes. They are crucial for healthy growth and development and influence major functions of the body. The infant's first year...

... Abstract A large proportion of extremely low-birth-weight infants requires parenteral nutrition for variable lengths of time. Amino acids are the key ingredients of parenteral nutrition. The goal of appropriate amino acid administration is to promote anabolism and normal cellular development...

... on the monoamine neurotransmitters noradrenaline, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin), and dopamine and the amino acid neurotransmitters GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) and glutamate in chronic pain and depression. Numerous preclinical and clinical neurochemical, neuroanatomical, pharmacological and molecular...

... Abstract Amino acids and protein are key factors for growth. The neonatal period requires the highest intake in life to meet the demands. Those demands include amino acids for growth, but proteins and amino acids also function as signalling molecules and function as neurotransmitters. Often...

... of shifting to a positive protein balance after training is thought to be the same. What is less clear is the contribution of nutrition to the adaptive process. Following resistance exercise, proteins rich in the amino acid leucine increase the activation of mTOR, the rate of muscle protein synthesis (MPS...

... Abstract Functional outcome of preterm infants is highly related to the quality and quantity of nutrients provided during the first few weeks of life. New guidelines, as published by the ESPGHAN in 2010, have provided means to prevent undernutrition in the NICU. Especially proteins and amino...

... amino acid (AA) supplementation for even few days in the postnatal period can result in negative nitrogen balance, and approximately 1.1-2.5 g/kg per day of AA intake with caloric intake of 30-60 kcal/kg per day can change protein balance from significantly negative to neutral or positive [ 3 , 4...

... Abstract The role of amino acids in the regulation of insulin secretion has received relatively little attention because of the clinical and basic science focus on glucose and, more recently, on fatty acids as the essential determinants of this process. However, early clinical observation...

.... Dysfunction of mTOR signaling in the elderly and its potential role as a target of amino acids in the treatment of age-related sarcopenia will be discussed. Skeletal muscle represents up to 45% of body weight of adult humans [ 1 ] and for its mass to be stable strictly depends on equal rates...

... transport, exclusively carrying the cationic amino acids L-arginine, L-lysine and L-ornithine. y + is represented by CAT(cationic amino acid transporter) proteins. L-arginine is a precursor of the moisturizer urea, which has been used in the treatment of dry skin diseases. Although urea has also been shown...