... in the pig industry worldwide. In order to identify whether genetic differences in PRRSV response may exist in pigs, alveolar macrophages were used to assess the progression of the type-I interferon (IFN) transcript response in porcine alveolar macrophages infected by PRRSV. Our results suggest...

... Abstract Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a major pathogen of swine worldwide and causes considerable economic loss. The main target of infection is the porcine alveolar macrophage (PAM). Infection of PAMs by PRRSV causes significant changes in their function...

... by alveolar macrophages anddendritic cells; (2) the release of cytokines and chemokines bymacrophages, activated lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and polymorphonuclearcells. Cytokines and chemokines attract andretain in the lung the immuno-inflammatory cell populations inthe lung, inducing their survival...

... is a constitutive primary participant in innateimmunity. In addition, this tissue may serve the function of a secondary amplifier of innate immuneresponses following neurohumoral input, stimulation with cytokines from cells such as alveolar macrophages,or engagement of pattern recognition receptors. Here, we...

... that the alveolar haemorrhage has occurred within 48 h. The presence of hae-mosiderin-laden macrophages in the BALF implies that the alveolar haemorrhage has occurred prior to 48 h. Reference Values Several papers have reported on the normal values of BALF in children [ 10 - 15 ]. Such data are difficult...

.... Costabel U, Guzman J, Bonella F, Oshimo S: Bronchoalveolar lavage in other interstitial lung diseases. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2007;28:514-524 10. Clement A, Chadelat K, Massliah J, Housset B, Sardet A, Grimfeld A, Tournier G: A controlled study of oxygen metabolite release by alveolar macrophages...

...Highlights 1. Normal components in EBUS-TBNA include bronchial and tracheal tissue contamination, such as bronchial epithelial cells, reserve cells, goblet cells, squamous metaplastic cells, alveolar macrophages, mucus, cartilage, minor salivary gland-like tissue, and inflammatory cells...

... hyperresponsiveness, remodeling and lung inflammatory responses in mice. BMC Immunol 2009;10:33. 26. Hecker M, Nematollahi H, Hey C, et al: Inhibition of arginase by N-G-hydroxy-L-arginine in alveolar macrophages - implications for the utilization of L-arginine for nitric oxide synthesis. FEBS Lett 1995;359:251...

... endotoxin in normal humans. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992;145:1398-1403 3. Smith PD, Suffredini AF, Allen JB, Wahl LM, Parillo JE, Wahl SM: Endotoxin administration to humans primes alveolar macrophages for increased production of inflammatory mediators. J Clin Immunol 1994;14:141-148 4. Richardson RP...

..., Pascual DW: Substance P: a late-acting B lymphocyte differentiation cofactor. Am J Physiol 1992;262:C537-C545. 70. Brunelleschi S, et al: Tachykinins activate guinea-pig alveolar macrophages: involvement of NK2 and NK1 receptors. Br J Pharmacol 1990;100:417-420. 71. Brunelleschi S, et al: Evidence...

...). Note the increase of alveolar macrophages (many are siderin-laden macrophages, so-called siderophages). HES-staining, magnification x200. c Septal vein with occlusive intimal fibrosis (orange-colored). HES-staining, magnification x40. d Small, preseptal venules displaying intimal fibrosis. Note...

... that there is a significant decrement in the expression/activity of HDAC2 in lung parenchyma, bronchial biopsies and alveolar macrophages of COPD patients [ 22 ]. Decrease in the expression/activity of HDAC2 negatively correlated with the disease severity and the intensity of lung inflammation [ 22 , 23 ]. In contrast...

..., Tiedje T, Zabel P, Dalhoff K, Schaaf B: Toll-like receptor 2 expression is decreased on alveolar macrophages in cigarette smokers and COPD patients. Respir Res 2005;6:68 23. Lauener RP, Birchler T, Adamski J, et al: Expression of CD14 and Toll-like receptor 2 in farmers’ and non-farmers’ children...

... detected in skeletal muscle, but the RNA detection attempts in the muscle of ZEBOV infected piglets were negative [ 10 , 11 ]. Although alveolar macrophages appear to be the most important target for EBOV in the lungs of both piglets and non-human primates, the observed outcome of the infection...