... Abstract The periodontal ligament (PDL) and alveolar bone are two critical tissues for understanding orthodontic tooth movement. The current literature is replete with descriptive studies of multiple cell types and their matrices in the PDL and alveolar bone, but is deficient with how stem...

... Abstract In the 1970s, Boyne and Sands published reports on a new technique for alveolar bone grafting. They recommended that only cancellous bone be used and that the procedure be undertaken in the mixed dentition prior to canine eruption. Alveolar bone grafting prior to canine eruption soon...

... Abstract Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a major pathogen of swine worldwide and causes considerable economic loss. The main target of infection is the porcine alveolar macrophage (PAM). Infection of PAMs by PRRSV causes significant changes in their function...

... in the pig industry worldwide. In order to identify whether genetic differences in PRRSV response may exist in pigs, alveolar macrophages were used to assess the progression of the type-I interferon (IFN) transcript response in porcine alveolar macrophages infected by PRRSV. Our results suggest...

... Abstract Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) refers to a clinicalsyndrome resulting from injury to the alveolar capillaries,arterioles, and venules leading to red blood cell accumulationin the distal air spaces. It is defined by the clinical triad ofhemoptysis, anemia, and progressive hypoxemia...

... Abstract Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare disordercharacterized by abundant deposition of surfactant-like materialin the aveoli. In this article we focus the discussion on theprimary acquired (idiopathic) PAP. We report the studies thatdeveloped the concept that this disorder...