Search Results for airway

... Abstract Treatment options for snoring and upper airway resistancesyndrome are hampered by either low compliance or lowefficacy. Therefore, refinements in these therapeutic strategiesare needed. The understanding of the pathogenic factors ofupper airway obstruction and an individual’s...

..., including the airway, gastrointestinal tract, brain and pancreas. The roles of some ‘extraoral' taste receptors are largely unknown, but emerging research suggests that bitter and sweet taste receptors in the airway are capable of sensing bacteria and modulating innate immunity. This chapter focuses...

... Abstract Over the past decade, there has also been renewed interest in serial dilatation for the management of subglottic and tracheal stenosis with the advent of new technologies such as airway balloons designed for the pediatric airway. In this chapter, the authors describe the technique...

... epithelium through a range of receptor-ligand interactions, including interactions with Toll-like receptors and adhesion molecules. Regulation of the inflammatory response associated with commensal colonization suggests a possible role for Treg cells in controlling the upper airway responses to bacterial...

... of an abnormality in bradykinin metabolism; the angioedema due to ACE inhibitors is a commonly encountered example. Angioedema due to bradykinin has the potential to cause airway obstruction and asphyxia as well as severe gastrointestinal symptoms simulating an acute abdomen. Formation of bradykinin in plasma...

... Abstract Radial-type endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) is useful for a diagnosis based on the depth of invasion of bronchial carcinoma, because it has the ability to analyze the delicate layer structure of the airway wall. EBUS is the most efficient tool to establish candidates for photodynamic...

... of populations of Treg in control of T-cell-mediated inflammation in tissues, including the lung. In particular, there is now evidence to suggest that Treg form a fundamental part of the regulatory axis operating within the respiratory mucosa and that the number of Treg recruited to the airways may be crucial...

... evolved to protect the host. Theseinclude the barrier functions of the epithelium, cough, mucociliary clearance, resident professional phagocytes,and the secretion of a number of proteins and peptides with host defense functions. Thus, the surfaceand submucosal gland epithelium of the conducting airways...

.... The stimulation may lead to a type 2 T helper cell-polarized eosinophilicinflammation as well as a multiclonal IgE production, aggravating airway disease in theupper and lower respiratory tract. Recently, S. aureus has been demonstrated to resideintraepithelially, and potentially to release superantigens...

... Abstract Obstructive sleep apnea is due to repetitive obstructionsof the collapsible pharyngeal airway during sleep. It is thereforenatural to search for local anatomical abnormalities tounveil the possible causes of the disease, and to look forpotential curative interventions. Up to now...

... for this.Theseinclude signs of local nervous lesions in the upper airway, bothmotor and sensory.The focus in this review is put on evidencefor motor neuron lesions in the upper airway muscles such asthe phenomena of type grouping and grouped atrophy in histologicalsections, and how this may be related to musclestrength...

... Abstract Continuous positive airway pressure therapy (CPAP) representsthe standard treatment for obstructive sleep apneasyndrome (OSAS).With the aim of achieving optimal adaptationof the treatment pressure to the actual requirement ofthe patients and improving compliance, auto-adjusting CPAP...

... Abstract In vivo measurement of airway potential difference (PD)has been shown to reflect the cystic fibrosis electrophysiologicalchanges which can be dissected in more detail in vitro. Itcan also provide useful diagnostic information for the individualpatient.Techniques for measuring PD...

... Abstract Increasing evidence indicates that airway remodeling plays an important part in asthmapathogenesis. However, mechanisms underlying airway remodeling are not yet fully elucidated.Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 is the main inhibitor of the fibrinolytic system and isknown to play...