... Abstract The first photosensitizer prodrug to be FDA approved for use in topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) was aminolevulinic acid (ALA). Studies investigating the treatment of nonhyperkeratotic actinic keratoses (AKs) with ALA-PDT have led to multiple advances and refinements in treatment...

... Abstract Background: Fair-skinned individuals exposed to ultraviolet radiation in sunlight age prematurely (photoaging) and develop actinic (solar) keratoses (AKs). Photoaging is characterized by fine lines, wrinkles, uneven or mottled pigmentation, sallow complexion, tactile roughness...

... Abstract The epidemiology of actinic keratoses (AKs) reflects their causation by cumulative sun exposure, with the highest prevalence seen in pale-skinned people living at low latitudes and on the most sun-exposed body sites, namely the hands, forearms and face. AKs are markers of increased...

... Abstract Many factors influence patients' perspectives on actinic keratosis (AK). The wish to keep a sense of control prompts many to seek information, which they then interpret according to their personal perspective. Speculations regarding the risk of getting skin cancer and emotional...

... Abstract Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is likely to drive the initiation and progression of skin cancer from actinic keratosis to squamous cell carcinoma. Signs of photodamage occur at multiple steps. UV radiation damages many cellular constituents, including lipids, proteins and DNA, all of which...

... wound healing, the development of psoriasis-like lesions, structural and functional defects of hair follicles and tumourigenesis. Actinic keratosis, which is also known as solar keratosis, develops in sun-exposed areas of the skin. These are often called ‘premalignant lesions' and are said to represent...

... Abstract Squamous skin cancer, which is commonly called squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), represents an immunological puzzle. The major skin cancers (SCC, basal cell carcinoma, Merkel cell carcinoma, and melanoma) and actinic keratosis (AK), as a potential precursor lesion of SCC, are common...

... Abstract The link between actinic keratosis (AK), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and a fully functional immune system has been frequently observed but is poorly understood. Elderly and immunosuppressed individuals and those with weakened immune systems caused by disease are all at increased...

... Abstract This manuscript focuses on the use of mice to study the genetics and biology of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Mice develop actinic keratosis-like lesions and SCC resembling those seen in humans. As an animal model, the mouse provides great experimental flexibility and has...

... Abstract Clinically, there is a continuum between actinic keratosis, intraepidermal carcinoma (also known as squamous cell carcinoma in situ) and early squamous cell carcinoma that makes a reliable distinction between these entities extremely difficult. Each of the lesions in this continuum can...

... Abstract Actinic keratoses (AKs) are intraepithelial neoplasms formed by atypical keratinocyte proliferation. Histopathologically, typical AKs are characterized by a slightly thickened epidermis, usually with irregular downward buds, orthokeratosis alternating with parakeratosis (‘pink and blue...

... Abstract In the realm of keratinocyte skin cancer, specific dermoscopic patterns that are associated with different stages of progression have been identified, which allows for an improved clinical diagnosis and differentiation actinic keratosis, intraepidermal carcinoma (also commonly named...

... are easier to organise, require less-sophisticated technology and are more widely accessible and convenient for both patients and doctors. No study to date has focused solely on teledermatology for actinic keratosis, but such lesions are typically found during teledermatology examinations for other main...

... Abstract Nonsurgical procedures are the first-line treatment for actinic keratosis (AK). The choice of therapy is based on AK features and patient characteristics. Numerous randomized clinical trials and open-label studies have provided robust data on the efficacy and tolerability...

... Abstract The incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), including actinic keratosis (AK), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), Bowen's Disease (BD) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC), is increasing. UVA and UVB radiation lead to genetic alterations in keratinocytes, which eventually result in skin...

... Abstract Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an attractive treatment option for actinic keratoses (AKs), as large skin areas can be treated with high response rates and superior cosmetic outcome. The efficacy of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-PDT and methyl aminolevulinate (MAL)-PDT for AK has been...

... Abstract Treatment of widespread actinic keratoses (AKs) and extensive photodamage is a challenge. One of the treatment options is laser therapy, whereby physicians have the option of using ablative lasers (CO 2 and Erbium Yttrium Aluminium Garnet) or nonablative fractional laser systems...

... lesions, such as actinic keratosis [<citeref rid="ref6">6</citeref>]. Murine studies have shown that nicotinamide is also able to protect against photocarcinogenesis [<citeref rid="ref4">4</citeref>,<citeref rid="ref5">5</citeref>]. Preliminary human studies suggest...