... Infant formula Follow-up formula Foods for special medical purposes Therapeutic diets Young child formula Key Messages Infants who cannot receive sufficient amounts of human breast milk need safe infant formula of high quality as a breast milk substitute. Infant formula...

.... 2020;8:562870. 4. World Health Organization. Global strategy for infant and young child feeding. Geneva: WHO; 2003. 5. Koletzko B, Baker S, Cleghorn G, Neto UF, Gopalan S, Hernell O, et al. Global standard for the composition of infant formula: recommendations of an ESPGHAN coordinated...

... soy milk), in either liquid or powdered form, that are specifically marketed for feeding infants and young children up to the age of 3 years (including follow-up formula and growing-up milks)” [ 4 ]. This statement, which has subsequently been described by the WHO as a “clarification” of the original...

...) No. 609/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the specific compositional and information requirements for infant formula and follow-on formula and as regards requirements on information relating to infant and young child feeding. OJEU. 2016:L 25/1. 19. Prell C, Koletzko B...

... Dis Child. 2010;95:769–70. 4. World Health Organisation. Maternal, infant, and young child nutrition. Guidance on ending the inappropriate promotion of foods for infants and young children. Sixty-Ninth World Health Assembly; document A69/7 Add.1. Geneva: WHO; 2016. 5. Grummer-Strawn LM...

... formulae and follow-on formulae and amending Directive 1999/21/EC. Official Journal of the European Union 2006 L401/1-38. 3. World Health Organization: Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding. Geneva, WHO, 2003 (ISBN 92-4156221-8). 4. Dewey KG: Nutrition, growth and complementary feeding...

... (European Food Safety Authority [EFSA] [ 18 ] and Food and Drug Administration [FDA]) [ 19 ], independently of each other, have confirmed the safety of 2′-FL and LNnT when added alone or in combination to infant, follow-on, and young child formula. Other HMOs are also available (Table 1 ) [ 20 ]. However...

... 2003;88:482-487. 15. Weisglas-Kuperus N, Hille ET, Duivenvoorden HJ, Finken MJ, Wit JM, van Buuren S, et al: Intelligence of very preterm or very low birth weight infants in young adulthood. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2009;94:F196-F200. 16. Canada H: Exclusive breastfeeding duration. http...

... formulae and follow-on formulae and amending Directive 1999/21/EC. Official Journal of the European Union 2006 L401/1-38. 3. World Health Organization: Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding. Geneva, WHO, 2003 (ISBN 92-4156221-8). 4. Dewey KG: Nutrition, growth and complementary feeding...

... are expected to be particularly large during early life when growth rates and subsequent substrate requirements per unit body mass are highest compared to any other stage of life. Moreover, parents to be and parents of infants and young children tend to be particularly sensitive to questions regarding...

...: Infant and young child nutrition. Geneva, WHO, 1993. EB93/17. 2. Palmer G: The industrial revolution in Britain: the era of progress? In Palmer G (ed): The Politics of Breastfeeding. London, Pinter & Martin, 2009, pp 205-207. 3. Jelliffe DB, Jelliffe EF: Feeding young infants in developing...

..., gestational weight gain, infant and young child feeding, caregiver responsive feeding practices, as well as sleep duration, and physical activity. Promising obesity prevention interventions include those beginning during the first 1,000 days, using a multicomponent approach, with roots in nutrition education...

... large volumes of cow or formula milk compared with breastfeeding in the latter part of infancy. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;102(5):1096–103. 21. Koletzko B, Hirsch NL, Jewell JM, Dos Santos Q, Breda J, Fewtrell M, et al. National recommendations for infant and young child feeding in the World Health...

...References References 1. WHO: Infant and young child nutrition. Geneva, WHO, 1993. EB93/17. 2. Palmer G: The industrial revolution in Britain: the era of progress? In Palmer G (ed): The Politics of Breastfeeding. London, Pinter & Martin, 2009, pp 205-207. 3. Jelliffe DB, Jelliffe...

... less sensory adaptability. The number of foods eaten as a young child has a strong influence on the food repertoire later in childhood. Foods eaten by parents significantly predict the number and types of foods eaten by children. Strategies to help parents be more successful in achieving taste...

.... The targeted refractive error in young children undergoing IOL implantation should be an undercorrection in anticipation of a future myopic shift. Normal Ocular Growth in Children The human eye undergoes extensive changes during early childhood, including axial elongation, corneal flattening...

... for preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;5:CD000343. 3. Young L, Embleton ND, McGuire W. Nutrient-enriched formula versus standard formula for preterm infants following hospital discharge. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;12:CD004696. 4. Ng DHC, Klassen JRL, Embleton ND, McGuire W...

... of feeding large volumes of cow or formula milk compared with breastfeeding in the latter part of infancy. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;102(5):1096–103. 21. Koletzko B, Hirsch NL, Jewell JM, Dos Santos Q, Breda J, Fewtrell M, et al. National recommendations for infant and young child feeding in the World Health...

... the biochemical processes. The brain is dependent on an adequate supply of glucose as a fuel for aerobic metabolism to support brain growth, development, and function, in infants and young children, and so effective glucose homeostasis is a critical aspect of metabolism and growth in early life. Fig. 1...

.... Affleck W, Pelto G: Caregivers' responses to an intervention to improve young child feeding behaviors in rural Bangladesh: a mixed method study of the facilitators and barriers to change. Soc Sci Med 2012;75:651-658. 10. Hurley KM, Black MM, Papas MA, et al: Maternal symptoms of stress, depression...