... oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma and treatment is primarily aimed at correcting the iron deficiency anaemia. Table 1. The effects of micronutrient deficiency on oral health [ 4 ] Iron, vitamin B-12 and folic acid are required to produce healthy red blood cells within the bone marrow. Nutrient...

... system. Mixed nutrient deficiencies frequently coexist because diets containing little animal protein are also deficient in both iron and B 12 , and gastrointestinal disorders may cause malabsorption of all three nutrients as well as occult blood loss. Iron Deficiency The largest quantity of iron...

... for cognitive health. Nutrition plays a fundamental role in brain structure and function. While a considerable amount of literature demonstrates the detrimental effects of deficiencies in essential nutrients, comparatively little is known is about the role of overall diet quality in promoting executive control...

... brain development include iron (required for oxygen provision to metabolize energy), fatty acids (for cellular membranes and myelin) and protein (for structural support, such as in myelin). Deficiencies in key nutrients during the complementary feeding period have been consistently linked to child...

... Abstract In global health settings, there are three generic areas that require reliable biomarkers of nutritional status and function. Population surveillance needs to identify key nutrient deficiencies (or excesses) to monitor progress towards elimination of nutritional imbalances...

... and nutrition and health is 2-way; health status can be affected by nutrient deficiency and vice versa. Dietary guidelines have been developed to provide evidence-based food and beverage recommendations for populations; aiming to promote a diet that meets the nutrient requirement, and to prevent diet-related...

... Abstract The first 3 years of life are when dynamic neurodevelopmental processes unfold. This is marked by sensitive or critical windows of opportunities, during which the young brain is both adaptable and vulnerable. Factors like nutrient deficiencies and inadequate environmental stimulation...

... of morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases, mainly lower respiratory infections and diarrhea. In these settings, failure to promote compensatory growth may have negative short-term consequences, and the nutritionist’s task is the primary prevention of nutrient deficiencies to promote the full...

... attention. Such effects are plausible, given that the CF period is one of rapid growth and development when infants are susceptible to nutrient deficiencies and excesses, and during which there are marked changes in diet with exposure to many new foods, tastes and feeding experiences. CF practices could...

... Abstract Malnutrition, marked by variant nutrient deficiencies, is considered a leading cause of stunted growth worldwide. In developing countries, malnutrition is caused mainly by food shortage and infectious diseases. Malnutrition may also be found in the developed world, where it is due...

... on the hormonal regulation of growth; (5) interactions between macro- and micro-nutrient deficiencies and infections in causing growth failure, and (6) the role of the microbiome in modulating dietary influences on health and growth. More than a decade ago Shrimpton et al. [ 1 ] summarized growth data...

... Vegetarian diet Vegan diet Nutrient deficiencies Key Messages Carefully planned vegetarian diets can provide sufficient energy, protein, and nutrients for all stages of childhood growth and development. Very restrictive or unbalanced vegetarian diets can result in failure...

... Vegetarian diet Vegan diet Nutrient deficiencies Key Messages • Carefully planned mixed vegetarian diets (with milk and eggs) can provide sufficient energy, protein and nutrients for all stages of childhood growth and development • Very restrictive or unbalanced vegetarian diets...

... and through excessive total body accumulation of the nutrient, especially in low-income settings. Introduction Anemia The terms “anemia” and “iron deficiency” are so often confused and conflated that it is important to give an overview of the former before engaging with the latter. Generically...

... that combines the results of all randomized trials of a nutrient is considered the highest level of evidence for drug trials. For studies of nutrient supplementation, however, meta-analyses can err on the side of no effect and lead to assumptions that a nutrient is adequate in populations with deficient...

..., patients may avoid certain nutrient-rich foods due to a misperception that the food may exacerbate symptoms, even when the disease is in remission. Avoidance of these foods can lead to nutrient deficiency (i.e. dairy: calcium, vitamin D) [ 2 ]. A recent study of patients with inactive disease found...

... important, especially concerning nutrient utilization, metabolism, digestion, and absorption. Clinicians should always look for specific symptoms and signs of nutrient deficiency, especially in children at risk of malnutrition. Reliable anthropometric measurements require proper equipment...

... deficiencies is imperative. Although signs and symptoms of specific nutrient deficiencies commonly overlap and multiple deficiencies are frequently encountered, a judicious approach to ordering laboratory tests is recommended. While a rather comprehensive list of laboratory tests is presented here...