... Abstract Over 50% of all infants present with one or more functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) during the first months of life. The literature on the effect of partially hydrolyzed formula (pHF) in the management of FGIDs was reviewed. There is insufficient evidence to recommend pHFs...

... be an additional arm in the multifaceted shield that breastfed infants have developed against bacterial and viral antagonists. All these findings have implications for development of improved infant formulae. Introduction Lactation is a complex and very dynamic physiological process. Initially, very small...

... Abstract Presently, hydrolyzed formulas (HF) are used primarily in infants that cannot be exclusively breastfed, those with cow's milk allergy and for primary prevention of allergic disease, but HFs are increasingly being used worldwide, begging the question if they may be recommended...

.... Recently, two efforts were made to incorporate growth factors into infant formulas. One of these efforts included the incorporation of IGF-1, and the second is an ongoing effort to evaluate the safety and efficacy of incorporating insulin into infant formulas. The rational and current evidence for adding...

... in composition between breast milk and infant formula. Currently, progress in biotechnology allows the production of selected HMOs such as 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL) and lacto- N -neotetraose (LNnT), which are increasingly being added to infant formulas to narrow the difference between breast milk and formula...

... the 19th century, reasonably safe breast milk substitutes started to be developed. Successively, these were developed into modern infant formulas during the 20th century using human milk composition as reference and cow’s milk as protein source. Even with a composition similar to human milk...

... and growth because breastfeeding has beenshown to be associated with a reduced risk of obesity in later life. During the first 6–8weeks of life there is little difference in growth (gain in weight and length) betweenbreast- and formula-fed infants. However, from about 2 months of age to the end of thefirst...

... Abstract The growth pattern of formula-fed infants is quite different from that of breastfedinfants. There may be several reasons for this difference, ranging from differentendocrine responses to feeding and the presence of growth factors in breast milk todifferent control of food intake...

... Abstract The development of infant formula with optimized protein quality and quantity hasbeen, and still is, the subject of intense investigation. A better understanding of theprotein composition of breast milk and infant needs in association with technologicalbreakthroughs in cow’s milk...

... Abstract Dietary supplementation with bovine milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) concentrates has recently emerged as a possible means to improve the health of infants and young children. Formula-fed infants are of special interest since infant formulas traditionally have lower concentrations...

... is a critical time of rapid growth and development, which must be supported by a high rate of protein synthesis. Breast milk, as a single specific food source in the first months of life, is providing the total protein and essential amino acids required. Infant formulas have been designed for infants who cannot...

... the development of the caloric method of infant feeding which led to the large-scale adoption of a single infant formula. This required cooperation with industry and ultimately led to the development of life-saving specialty formulas for various disease states including inborn errors of metabolism. Over the last...

... Abstract Marketing-driven innovation in the field of pediatric nutrition, in particular in the infant formula segment is not sustainable. New benefits of products must be scientifically proven and safety and efficacy of new formulae established in clinical trials. The scientific innovation...

... and reduces obesity risk in later life by about 20%, presumably partly due to the lower protein supply with human milk than conventional infant formula. In a large randomized clinical trial, we tested the hypothesis that reduced infant formula protein contents lower insulin-releasing amino acid concentrations...

... Abstract Growth studies are necessary to prove safety and efficacy of new or renovated infant formulas. Healthy infants need to be followed in randomized clinical trials until 4–6 months of age. Breastfed reference groups should be included in such studies, because growth of formula-fed infants...

... Abstract Advances in nutrition and food sciences are interrelated components of the innovative framework for infant formula and foods. While nutrition science continues to define the composition and functionality of human milk as a reference, food ingredient, formulation and processing...

... of the baby. Thus, intervention based on the concept of reducing the allergen load in the diet is one approach for primary allergy prevention in children at risk. This includes breastfeeding, allergen-reduced diet of the pregnant and lactating mother, cow milk protein hydrolysate infant formulas...

... and inhibit pathogens, thereby contributing to protection from infections. Clinical intervention trials with infant formula supplemented with the single HMO, 2′-fucosyllactose (2′FL), or with 2 HMOs, 2′FL and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), demonstrated that they allow for age-appropriate growth and are well...