... Anemia Iron deficiency Oxygen Ferritin Hepcidin Key Messages Anemia is the inability of the blood to deliver the requisite oxygen to the tissues of the body, but only a portion of anemic states are related to iron deficiency. More iron deficiency is caused by poor absorption...

... Abstract Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is common in childhood cancer survivors (CCS). Major risk factors for GHD include radiation therapy, both cranial and total body irradiation, and tumor location. Some newer anti-cancer therapies may impact growth and the GH-IGF-1 axis as well. While...

... Abstract Hypothalamic-pituitary (HP) dysfunctions are commonly reported complications in survivors of childhood cancer. These include growth hormone deficiency, luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone deficiency, thyroid-stimulating hormone deficiency, adrenocorticotropic hormone...

... deficiency, together with neurochemical studies of this system, has helped to establish how this neuropeptide regulates the organization of sleep and wake in humans. Current analyses suggest that the main functions of the hypocretin/orexin system are (1) maintenance of wakefulness in the face of moderate...

... Abstract Sleep is one of the pillars of health. Experimental models of acute sleep loss, of chronic partial sleep deprivation, and of sleep fragmentation in healthy sleepers are helpful models of sleep deficiency produced by insufficient sleep duration, sleep timing, and sleep disorders. Sleep...

... Abstract Hyponatremia is the commonest electrolyte deficiency in clinical practice. Of the many causes of hyponatremia, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD) is the commonest. Glucocorticoid deficiency, due to central/secondary adrenal insufficiency, is the key differential diagnosis...

.... Adolescents with childhood onset GH deficiency (GHD) show reduction of bone mineral density, decrease in lean body mass, increase in fat mass, and deterioration of the lipid profile. For this reason, continuation of GH replacement therapy in the transition age is recommended in all patients with a confirmed...

.... This comparison demonstrates that most of the global population suffers a gross deficiency. The paper then reviews the policies of numerous relevant organizations who might be expected to be interested in the problem. This reveals a near universal lack of action, even awareness that there is a problem. Finally...

... Abstract Globally, there has been increasing attention being paid to the problem of micronutrient malnutrition, especially as contrary to previous thinking, it is not uniquely the concern of poor countries. While, in general, micronutrient deficiencies are certainly more frequent and severe...

... Abstract In the genetic airway disease cystic fibrosis (CF), deficiency or dysfunction of the cystic fibrosis membrane conductance regulator (CFTR) alters anion transport in respiratory epithelium and consequently disrupts mucociliary clearance. An enriched understanding of the role of CFTR...

... Abstract Zinc is a key micronutrient of particular importance during childhood and pregnancy. Zinc deficiency has been linked to increased infection and stunting among children and is a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes and preterm delivery. Targeted interventions have the potential...

.... Food fortification is a whole industry, but a legislative and regulatory framework is crucial to impose discipline and standards. Ronald Sibanda, Resident Representative of the World Food Programme in Tanzania [ 1 ] Background Vitamin A deficiency is a serious problem in most developing...

... Abstract Iron deficiency, one of the most widespread nutritional disorders, affects millions of people in emerging economies and, increasingly, in industrialized countries. Due to the high iron requirements during growth and development, infants and young children are among those most severely...