... Abstract The complementary feeding period is a short transitional period from breastfeeding and formula feeding to family foods. Timing, quantity, and quality are implied to impact growth and obesity risk. We summarized the literature and analyzed data of monthly 3-day food diaries of >1,000...

... Infant and young child nutrition Iron Micronutrients Nutritional requirements Vegetarian diet Baby-led weaning Key Messages Most of childhood growth faltering, stunting, and micronutrient deficiencies develop during the complementary feeding period from about 6 to 24 months...

... that tiers were not necessary. Infant standards include recommendations for vegetables, fruits, proteins, grains, and breast milk and other beverages. Also included are recommendations for bottle feeding, introducing complementary foods, and promoting self-regulation in response to hunger and satiety...

... Abstract The period of complementary feeding (6-24 months of age) can be a challenging and vulnerable time for infant nutrition due to disproportionately high requirements for metabolic processes, rapid developmental processes, and limited gastric capacity. This is a period of crucial brain...

... to progressively challenging foods is varied and comes from a staggering number of sources. The resulting conflicting views have promoted parental confusion and anxiety about what foods are appropriate and when to advance to new textures. Efforts to develop science-based recommendations for complementary feeding...

..., B-group vitamins and calcium needs increase in the second year of age with a relative per kilo drop in energy and protein requirements. The potential of delayed cord clamping after birth to improve iron status in the second 6 months of life was discussed. Complementary feeding guidelines vary from...

... countries (LMICs). The indicators, with 5 of them focusing on complementary feeding (CF) practices, were originally designed for population level assessment, targeting, monitoring, and evaluation. This chapter takes stock of where we are with the existing CF indicators: it reviews how the indicators have...

... Abstract As momentum for investment in early childhood nutrition grows, so does the evidence base for the effectiveness of interventions to improve complementary feeding in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), where the risk of early growth faltering is high. The aim of this chapter...

... for complementary feeding. Data were accumulated in different studies and showed that YYB enhanced the growth of infants with respect to both anthropometry and cognition, and decreased anemia prevalence significantly in infants aged 6-24 months. The Chinese government has launched a project named Improving...

... The second session of the workshop focused on important aspects of complementary feeding, generally considered to be the addition of foods during ages 6-23 months when children are continuing to receive breast milk. The first speaker, Robert E. Black , described the faltering of growth...

... Abstract The WHO infant feeding guidelines, including those for complementary feeding (CF), are very prescriptive, largely based on the outcomes of exclusive breastfeeding, and have a bias towards undernutrition. Consideration of longer-term outcomes related to overnutrition, the predominant...

... Abstract Improving infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices, including breastfeeding and complementary feeding, has been identified as one of the most effective interventions to improve child survival, stunting and wasting. Evidence from randomized controlled trials suggests...

... Abstract Nutrition and growth during early infancy influence later health and development, but most research has focused on the period of milk feeding, and the possibility that the timing, content or method of complementary feeding (CF) might have similar later effects has received less...

... Abstract Guidelines for healthy infant feeding provide advice on breastfeeding and complementary feeding. The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) derived dietary patterns in comparison to infant feeding guidelines and by using principal components analysis (PCA). The ALSPAC...

... The aim of this section of the workshop was to address whether complementary feeding (CF) practices in a holistic sense may have the potential to improve later health and developmental outcomes, and prevent adverse outcomes such as obesity and other noncommunicable diseases. The first...

... Abstract The relationship between complementary feeding and the development of atopic disease is the source of significant interest and debate in both the scientific and lay communities. A small number of early studies, which had considerable influence on recommended feeding practices, reported...

... Abstract Breast milk is the initial natural food for infants, but already during the second half year complementary feeding is essential. Epidemiological research, first on celiac disease and later on atopic diseases, has driven a paradigm shift with respect to most favorable age to introduce...

... Abstract Appropriate breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices are fundamentalto children’s nutrition, health, and survival during the first 2 years of life. The WorldHealth Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months of age andcontinued breastfeeding for at least 2...

... Abstract The complementary feeding period is a critical stage for growth and development.Infants in developing countries and selected individuals in developed countries maybenefit from micronutrient supplementation, but long-term effects are still poorlyexplored. We have some evidence, coming...