... Abstract In addition to its effects on reproductive health, it is now well recognized that polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a metabolic disorder, characterized by decreased insulin sensitivity which leads to an excess lifetime risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. PCOS patients...

... Abstract Patients who reach the end-stage phase of renal disease (ESRD) display an exceedinglyhigh risk for cardiovascular (CV) complications. However it is still unclear whether in patientswith chronic kidney disease (CKD) a critical glomerular filtration rate (GFR) threshold existsbelow which...

... Abstract Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity among people with diabetes mellitus. The epidemic of diabetes continues to contribute significantly to the global burden of cardiovascular disease with varying epidemiological trends in different regions...

... of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes and the American Diabetes Association and the American Heart Association recommend diabetes to be considered a coronary artery disease risk equivalent rather than risk factor [ 15 ]. In addition, diabetes is also a strong independent risk factor for stroke...

... involving cell therapy for cardiovascular diseases have yielded mixed results, that is, with inconsistent data thereby readdressing controversies and unresolved questions regarding stem cell efficacy for ischemic cardiac disease treatment. These issues raise the need for developing an alternative strategic...

... Abstract The role of shockwave (SW) in medicine has evolved from one of being destructive to being constructive. Although low-energy SW has long been shown to be both pro-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory in the treatment of ischemic cardiovascular diseases, not until recently did the underlying...

...; cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death. The increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease is explained, at least in part, by increased rates of traditional cardiovascular risk factors including diabetes, dyslipidaemia, obesity and smoking, but mental illness is an independent risk factor...

... Cardiovascular disease Dietary patterns LDL cholesterol HDL cholesterol Triglycerides Blood glucose Key Messages • The risk factors that drive cardiovascular disease (CVD) such as elevated LDL cholesterol and dyslipidemia, hypertension and impaired glucose tolerance, are largely...

... Abstract Aging is associated with immunosenescence and accompanied by a chronic inflammatory state which contributes to metabolic syndrome, diabetes and their cardiovascular consequences. Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and diabetes overlap, leading to the hypothesis that both...

... and Cardiovascular Events It is still questionable if the physiological effects that have been described in subclinical hypothyroidism are reflected in morbidity and mortality: In 2008, Razvi et al. [ 26 ] performed a meta-analysis on the risk of developing ischemic heart disease and were unable to detect...

... involved in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are directly released from adipocytes, thereby linking obesity to an increased cardiovascular risk. In the current chapter, we focus, on the one hand, on a small selection of novel adipokines with a potentially strong link to CVD: soluble...

... Abstract This chapter examines the association of anxiety disorders and anxiety symptoms with cardiovascular disease, focussing on hypertension (an independent risk factor for myocardial infarction and stroke) and coronary heart disease. In both cases, epidemiological data linking...

... be the sole cause and the ‘essence’ of a disease (e.g. sickle cell anemia), most acquired diseases afflicting the entire world, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer, are under the influence of a very large number of genes, and are always profoundly influenced by the environment. Therefore, acquired...

... risk factors. These observations suggest therefore that the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease could begin from as early as the first few months of life. The present review considers this evidence, the underlying mechanisms involved and its implications for public health. Introduction...