Small for Gestational Age: Causes and Consequences
Intrauterine growth restriction in the human, the origin of many serious medical, ethical, socioeconomic and humanitarian issues, still needs in-depth studies.
The current volume presents the latest research results and offers detailed discussions on clinical care. The term small for gestational age (SGA) is defined and manifestations of prenatal growth retardation and its etiology are described. Special emphasis is placed on the role of genetic defects, in particular in the IGF/GH axis. Besides, not only the immediate consequences for SGA neonates and their clinical care are examined, but also possible sequelae in childhood. A study of utmost importance considers the neurological and intellectual consequences for SGA children. It is further revealed that fetal growth restriction can adversely affect health well into adulthood, and increase the risk for type 2 diabetes. Finally, interesting insights into the causes and consequences of low birth weight in developing countries are provided.
This publication is a must for pediatricians, neonatologists, obstetricians and endocrinologists, as well as anyone interested in embryology, genetics, diabetes, clinical nutrition, molecular biology and neuroendocrinology.
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Table of Contents
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1 - 10: Children Born Small for Gestational Age: Definitions and EtiologyByHartmut A. WollmannHartmut A. WollmannPaediatric Endocrinology Section, University Children’s Hospital, Eberhard Karls University,Tübingen, Germany; Pfizer Endocrine Care, Tadworth, Surrey, UKSearch for other works by this author on:
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11 - 25: Diagnosis and Management of in utero Growth FailureByAnthony O. Odibo;Anthony O. OdiboaDepartments of Obstetrics and Gynecology andSearch for other works by this author on:Yoel SadovskyYoel SadovskyaDepartments of Obstetrics and Gynecology andbCell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo., USASearch for other works by this author on:
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26 - 43: Fetal Growth Restriction and the Developmental Origins of Adult Disease Hypothesis: Experimental Studies and Biological ConsequencesByStefan O. Krechowec;Stefan O. KrechowecLiggins Institute and National Research Centre for Growth and Development,University of Auckland, Auckland, New ZealandSearch for other works by this author on:Nichola M. Thompson;Nichola M. ThompsonLiggins Institute and National Research Centre for Growth and Development,University of Auckland, Auckland, New ZealandSearch for other works by this author on:Bernhard H. BreierBernhard H. BreierLiggins Institute and National Research Centre for Growth and Development,University of Auckland, Auckland, New ZealandSearch for other works by this author on:
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44 - 59: Molecular Genetic Disorders of Fetal GrowthBySteven D. ChernausekSteven D. ChernausekChildren’s Medical Research Institute (CMRI), Diabetes and Metabolic Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Okla., USASearch for other works by this author on:
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60 - 72: Birth Weight and Later Risk of Type 2 DiabetesByThomas Harder;Thomas HarderDivision of ‘Experimental Obstetrics’, Clinic of Obstetrics,Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, GermanySearch for other works by this author on:Karen Schellong;Karen SchellongDivision of ‘Experimental Obstetrics’, Clinic of Obstetrics,Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, GermanySearch for other works by this author on:Elke Rodekamp;Elke RodekampDivision of ‘Experimental Obstetrics’, Clinic of Obstetrics,Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, GermanySearch for other works by this author on:Joachim W. Dudenhausen;Joachim W. DudenhausenDivision of ‘Experimental Obstetrics’, Clinic of Obstetrics,Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, GermanySearch for other works by this author on:Andreas PlagemannAndreas PlagemannDivision of ‘Experimental Obstetrics’, Clinic of Obstetrics,Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, GermanySearch for other works by this author on:
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73 - 85: Low Birth Weight and Optimal Fetal Development: A Global PerspectiveByKathryn L. Franko;Kathryn L. FrankoaLiggins Institute and National Research Centre for Growth and Development, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; b Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UKSearch for other works by this author on:Peter D. Gluckman;Peter D. GluckmanaLiggins Institute and National Research Centre for Growth and Development, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; b Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UKSearch for other works by this author on:Catherine M. Law;Catherine M. LawaLiggins Institute and National Research Centre for Growth and Development, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; b Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UKSearch for other works by this author on:Alan S. Beedle;Alan S. BeedleaLiggins Institute and National Research Centre for Growth and Development, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; b Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UKSearch for other works by this author on:Susan M.B. MortonSusan M.B. MortonaLiggins Institute and National Research Centre for Growth and Development, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; b Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UKSearch for other works by this author on:
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86 - 98: Insulin-Like Growth Factor/Growth Hormone Axis in Intrauterine Growth and Its Role in Intrauterine Growth RetardationByW. Kiess;W. KiessaHospital for Children and Adolescents andSearch for other works by this author on:J. Kratzsch;J. Kratzschb Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, GermanySearch for other works by this author on:M. Knüpfer;M. KnüpferaHospital for Children and Adolescents andSearch for other works by this author on:E. Robel-Tillig;E. Robel-TilligaHospital for Children and Adolescents andSearch for other works by this author on:F. Pulzer;F. PulzeraHospital for Children and Adolescents andSearch for other works by this author on:R. PfaeffleR. PfaeffleaHospital for Children and Adolescents andSearch for other works by this author on:
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99 - 115: Clinical Management of Small-for-Gestational-Age BabiesByMatthias KnüpferMatthias KnüpferDepartment of Neonatology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents,University of Leipzig, Leipzig, GermanySearch for other works by this author on:
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116 - 126: Management of Short Stature in Small-for-Gestational-Age ChildrenByJovanna DahlgrenJovanna DahlgrenGöteborg Pediatric Growth Research Center, Department of Pediatrics,Institute for Clinical Sciences, The Queen Silvia Children’s Hospital,The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Göteborg, SwedenSearch for other works by this author on:
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127 - 133: Puberty and Adrenarche in Small-for-Gestational-Age ChildrenByAnita C.S. Hokken-KoelegaAnita C.S. Hokken-KoelegaDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Paediatrics, Sophia Children’s Hospital,Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSearch for other works by this author on:
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134 - 147: Neurological and Intellectual Consequences of Being Born Small for Gestational AgeByTorsten Tuvemo;Torsten TuvemoDepartment of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University Children’s Hospital, Uppsala, SwedenSearch for other works by this author on:Ester Maria LundgrenEster Maria LundgrenDepartment of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University Children’s Hospital, Uppsala, SwedenSearch for other works by this author on:
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148 - 162: Low Birth Weight in Developing CountriesByMaqbool Qadir;Maqbool QadirDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, PakistanSearch for other works by this author on:Zulfiqar Ahmed BhuttaZulfiqar Ahmed BhuttaDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, PakistanSearch for other works by this author on: