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The major part of nitric oxide (NO) in exhaled air originatesfrom the nasal airways, with only minor contributionfrom the lower airways and the oral cavity. The physiologicalrole of the very high local NO concentration in theparanasal sinuses is still unclear. The most widely used andbest-standardized method to sample nasal NO in isolationfrom the lower respiratory tract is aspiration at a fixedflow through the nasal passages in series. Important technicalconsiderations include the choice of the correcttransnasal flow and the ability of children to perform abreath-holding manoeuvre.The effects of age and height onnasal NO values have yet to be defined in a larger populationof healthy children using the recommended aspirationtechnique. Presently, there is no validated technique availableto measure nasal NO in infants and small children.Themeasurement of nasal NO concentrations has evokedinterest in its potential to serve as a non-invasive andsimple diagnostic tool for upper and lower respiratory tractdisorders. Measurements of nasal NO concentrations arehelpful to screen children with clinical symptoms suggestiveof primary ciliary dyskinesia and to exclude this diseasein those with high nasal NO concentrations with highcertainty. Nasal NO measurements are, however, of nodiagnostic utility in distinguishing between other conditionssuch as asthma, cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, sinusitis orrhinitis, or in monitoring therapeutic interventions in anysuch disorder.

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