Paediatric Pulmonary Function Testing
This book represents a comprehensive review of the most recent developments in paediatric pulmonary function testing and their clinical applications in common paediatric respiratory disorders. The first section reviews the current lung function tests used in infants and toddlers who are by nature unable to cooperate with most testing procedures. It describes the methodologies, provides normal values where available, and gives advice for data interpretation. The second section deals with the classic adult-type pulmonary function tests and their application in the semi-cooperative or cooperative older child. Age-related technical issues and the limitations of these tests are considered. Tests assessing the respiratory system beyond the usual measurements of mechanics, lung volume, and bronchial responsiveness are covered in the third section. These include the measurements of respiratory muscle function, work of breathing, diffusing capacity, and inflammatory markers in exhaled air and breath condensate. The fourth section discusses the clinical usefulness of pulmonary function tests in the diagnosis and management of the most common paediatric respiratory disorders including asthma, cystic fibrosis and neuromuscular disorders, as well as in the follow-up care after lung or bone marrow transplantation or after neonatal lung disease. This part is unique, since no books previously published in the field of paediatric lung function testing have considered its clinical value in the individual patient. Finally, the future role of pulmonary function testing in the neonatal and paediatric intensive care unit is evaluated. Practical and up-to-date, this textbook is of special interest for paediatric and adult pulmonologists, paediatric intensivists, general paediatricians and physicians in training for these specialties, as well as for pulmonary function technicians and respiratory therapists. (A Karger "Publishing Highlights 1890–2015" title)
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Table of Contents
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Introduction: The Peculiarities of Infant Respiratory PhysiologyByJürg Hammer;Jürg HammeraDivision of Paediatric Intensive Care and Pulmonology, University Children’s Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; bRespiratory and Allergic Disease Division, Paediatric Department, Medical University of Graz, Graz,AustriaSearch for other works by this author on:Ernst EberErnst EberaDivision of Paediatric Intensive Care and Pulmonology, University Children’s Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; bRespiratory and Allergic Disease Division, Paediatric Department, Medical University of Graz, Graz,AustriaSearch for other works by this author on:
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Measurements of Pulmonary Function in Infants and Small Children: Tidal Breathing MeasurementsByKarin C. L. Carlsen;Karin C. L. CarlsenaSection of Allergology and Pulmonology, Department of Paediatrics, Women-Child-Division, Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, bVoksentoppen BKL, National Hospital, Oslo, NorwaySearch for other works by this author on:Kai-H. CarlsenKai-H. CarlsenaSection of Allergology and Pulmonology, Department of Paediatrics, Women-Child-Division, Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, bVoksentoppen BKL, National Hospital, Oslo, NorwaySearch for other works by this author on:
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<p>Measurements of Pulmonary Function in Infants and Small Children</p>: Respiratory MechanicsByStephanie D. Davis;Stephanie D. DavisaDivision of Pediatric Pulmonology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N.C.; bDepartment of Paediatric Pulmonology and Neonatology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany; cDivision of Pulmonary Medicine, Children’s Hospital and Regional Medical Center, Seattle,Wash., USASearch for other works by this author on:Monika Gappa;Monika GappaaDivision of Pediatric Pulmonology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N.C.; bDepartment of Paediatric Pulmonology and Neonatology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany; cDivision of Pulmonary Medicine, Children’s Hospital and Regional Medical Center, Seattle,Wash., USASearch for other works by this author on:Margaret RosenfeldMargaret RosenfeldaDivision of Pediatric Pulmonology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N.C.; bDepartment of Paediatric Pulmonology and Neonatology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany; cDivision of Pulmonary Medicine, Children’s Hospital and Regional Medical Center, Seattle,Wash., USASearch for other works by this author on:
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<p>Measurements of Pulmonary Function in Infants and Small Children</p>: Forced Expiratory Flow-Volume MeasurementsByManfred Modl;Manfred ModlRespiratory and Allergic Disease Division, Paediatric Department, Medical University of Graz, AustriaSearch for other works by this author on:Ernst EberErnst EberRespiratory and Allergic Disease Division, Paediatric Department, Medical University of Graz, AustriaSearch for other works by this author on:
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<p>Measurements of Pulmonary Function in Infants and Small Children</p>: Infant Whole-Body PlethysmographyByMonika Gappa;Monika GappaaPaediatric Pulmonology and Neonatology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, and bDepartment of Paediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Münster,Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, GermanySearch for other works by this author on:Georg HülskampGeorg HülskampaPaediatric Pulmonology and Neonatology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, and bDepartment of Paediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Münster,Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, GermanySearch for other works by this author on:
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<p>Measurements of Pulmonary Function in Infants and Small Children</p>: Measurement of Functional Residual Capacity and Ventilation Inhomogeneity by Gas Dilution TechniquesByP.M. Gustafsson;P.M. GustafssonaDepartment of Paediatric Clinical Physiology, Queen Silvia Children’s Hospital, Göteborg, and bSachs Children’s Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, SwedenSearch for other works by this author on:H. LjungbergH. LjungbergaDepartment of Paediatric Clinical Physiology, Queen Silvia Children’s Hospital, Göteborg, and bSachs Children’s Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, SwedenSearch for other works by this author on:
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<p>Measurements of Pulmonary Function in Infants and Small Children</p>: Techniques for the Measurement of Lung Function in Toddlers and Preschool ChildrenByGraham L. Hall;Graham L. HallaRespiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children and bSchool for Paediatric and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; c Department of Child Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, UKSearch for other works by this author on:Isobel M. BrookesIsobel M. BrookesaRespiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children and bSchool for Paediatric and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; c Department of Child Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, UKSearch for other works by this author on:
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<p>Measurements of Pulmonary Function in Infants and Small Children</p>: Applications and Future Directions of Infant Pulmonary Function TestingByJanet Stocks;Janet StocksPortex Anaesthesia, Intensive Therapy and Respiratory Medicine Unit, Institute of Child Health, London, UKSearch for other works by this author on:Sooky LumSooky LumPortex Anaesthesia, Intensive Therapy and Respiratory Medicine Unit, Institute of Child Health, London, UKSearch for other works by this author on:
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Measurements of Pulmonary Function in Cooperative Children: Spirometry: Volume-Time and Flow-Volume CurvesByErnst Eber;Ernst EberRespiratory and Allergic Disease Division, Paediatric Department, Medical University of Graz, AustriaSearch for other works by this author on:Maximilian S. ZachMaximilian S. ZachRespiratory and Allergic Disease Division, Paediatric Department, Medical University of Graz, AustriaSearch for other works by this author on:
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<p>Measurements of Pulmonary Function in Cooperative Children</p>: Plethysmography and Gas Dilution TechniquesByFrançois Marchal;François MarchalService d’Explorations Fonctionnelles Pédiatriques, Hôpital d’Enfants,Vandoeuvre, FranceSearch for other works by this author on:Cyril SchweitzerCyril SchweitzerService d’Explorations Fonctionnelles Pédiatriques, Hôpital d’Enfants,Vandoeuvre, FranceSearch for other works by this author on:
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<p>Measurements of Pulmonary Function in Cooperative Children</p>: Reference Equations for Ventilatory Function Measurements in Children from 6 to 16 YearsByP.J.F.M. MerkusP.J.F.M. MerkusDivision of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Sophia Children’s Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam,The NetherlandsSearch for other works by this author on:
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<p>Measurements of Pulmonary Function in Cooperative Children</p>: Measurement of Bronchial Responsiveness in ChildrenByJürg Barben;Jürg BarbenaPaediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Children’s Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland; bPaediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Children’s Hospital, Salzburg, AustriaSearch for other works by this author on:Josef RiedlerJosef RiedleraPaediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Children’s Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland; bPaediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Children’s Hospital, Salzburg, AustriaSearch for other works by this author on:
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Extended Assessment of the Respiratory System in Paediatric Patients: Measurements of Respiratory Muscle Function in ChildrenByBrigitte Fauroux;Brigitte FaurouxaPediatric Pulmonology and INSERM E 213, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, and bPhysiology Department, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, FranceSearch for other works by this author on:Frédéric LofasoFrédéric LofasoaPediatric Pulmonology and INSERM E 213, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, and bPhysiology Department, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, FranceSearch for other works by this author on:
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<p>Extended Assessment of the Respiratory System in Paediatric Patients</p>: Measurements of Thoraco-Abdominal Asynchrony and Work of Breathing in ChildrenByChristopher J.L. Newth;Christopher J.L. NewthaDivision of Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, Calif., USA; bDivision of Intensive Care and Pulmonology, University Children’s Hospital Basel, Basel, SwitzerlandSearch for other works by this author on:Jürg HammerJürg HammeraDivision of Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, Calif., USA; bDivision of Intensive Care and Pulmonology, University Children’s Hospital Basel, Basel, SwitzerlandSearch for other works by this author on:
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<p>Extended Assessment of the Respiratory System in Paediatric Patients</p>: Lung Diffusing CapacityByJ.C. de Jongste;J.C. de JongsteaDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine and bDepartment of Pulmonology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSearch for other works by this author on:P.J.F.M. Merkus;P.J.F.M. MerkusaDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine and bDepartment of Pulmonology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSearch for other works by this author on:H. StamH. StamaDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine and bDepartment of Pulmonology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSearch for other works by this author on:
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Measurement of Exhaled Markers: Measurement of Exhaled Nitric OxideBySergei A. KharitonovSergei A. KharitonovNational Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UKSearch for other works by this author on:
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Measurement of Exhaled Markers: Measurement of Nasal Nitric OxideByRegula Corbelli;Regula CorbelliDivision of Intensive Care and Pulmonology, University Children’s Hospital Basel, Basel, SwitzerlandSearch for other works by this author on:Jürg HammerJürg HammerDivision of Intensive Care and Pulmonology, University Children’s Hospital Basel, Basel, SwitzerlandSearch for other works by this author on:
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Measurement of Exhaled Markers: Exhaled Breath Condensate and Other Markers in Exhaled AirByAlexander Moeller;Alexander MoelleraDivision of Respiratory Medicine, University Children’s Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; bDepartment of Medicine, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine Krakow, Krakow, PolandSearch for other works by this author on:Bogumila KielbasaBogumila KielbasaaDivision of Respiratory Medicine, University Children’s Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; bDepartment of Medicine, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine Krakow, Krakow, PolandSearch for other works by this author on:
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Clinical Application of Pulmonary Function Testing in Common Paediatric Respiratory Diseases: Childhood Asthma and Wheezing DisordersByPavel Basek;Pavel BasekaDepartment of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, and bSwiss Paediatric Respiratory Research Group, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Children’s Hospital Zürich, Zürich, SwitzerlandSearch for other works by this author on:Daniel Straub;Daniel StraubaDepartment of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, and bSwiss Paediatric Respiratory Research Group, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Children’s Hospital Zürich, Zürich, SwitzerlandSearch for other works by this author on:Johannes H. WildhaberJohannes H. WildhaberaDepartment of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, and bSwiss Paediatric Respiratory Research Group, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Children’s Hospital Zürich, Zürich, SwitzerlandSearch for other works by this author on:
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<p>Clinical Application of Pumonary Function Testing in Common Paediatric Respiratory Diseases</p>: Cystic FibrosisByFelix Ratjen;Felix RatjenChildren’s Hospital, University of Essen, Essen, GermanySearch for other works by this author on:Hartmut GrasemannHartmut GrasemannChildren’s Hospital, University of Essen, Essen, GermanySearch for other works by this author on:
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<p>Clinical Application of Pulmonary Function Testing in Common Paediatric Respiratory Diseases</p>: Lung Transplantation in Pediatric PatientsByMary Anne Tablizo;Mary Anne TablizoChildren’s Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif., USASearch for other works by this author on:Marlyn S. WooMarlyn S. WooChildren’s Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif., USASearch for other works by this author on:
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<p>Clinical Application of Pumonary Function Testing in Common Paediatric Respiratory Diseases</p>: Neuromuscular DisordersByUwe Mellies;Uwe MelliesDepartment of General Pediatrics and Neuropediatrics, University of Essen, Children’s Hospital, Essen, GermanySearch for other works by this author on:Christian Dohna-SchwakeChristian Dohna-SchwakeDepartment of General Pediatrics and Neuropediatrics, University of Essen, Children’s Hospital, Essen, GermanySearch for other works by this author on:
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<p>Clinical Application of Pulmonary Function Testing in Common Paediatric Respiratory Diseases</p>: Paediatric Oncology and Bone Marrow TransplantationByIsa Cerveri;Isa CerveriaDivision of Respiratory Diseases and b Department of Paediatrics, University of Pavia, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, ‘Policlinico San Matteo’, Pavia, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:Angelo Corsico;Angelo CorsicoaDivision of Respiratory Diseases and b Department of Paediatrics, University of Pavia, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, ‘Policlinico San Matteo’, Pavia, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:Maria Cristina Zoia;Maria Cristina ZoiaaDivision of Respiratory Diseases and b Department of Paediatrics, University of Pavia, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, ‘Policlinico San Matteo’, Pavia, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:Giovanna GiorgianiGiovanna GiorgianiaDivision of Respiratory Diseases and b Department of Paediatrics, University of Pavia, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, ‘Policlinico San Matteo’, Pavia, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:
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<p>Clinical Application of Pulmonary Function Testing in Common Paediatric Respiratory Diseases</p>: Long-Term Sequelae of Neonatal Lung DiseaseByDaniel Trachsel;Daniel TrachselaDivision of Intensive Care and Pulmonology, University Children’s Hospital, Basel, Switzerland, b Division of Respiratory Medicine,The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaSearch for other works by this author on:Allan L. CoatesAllan L. CoatesaDivision of Intensive Care and Pulmonology, University Children’s Hospital, Basel, Switzerland, b Division of Respiratory Medicine,The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaSearch for other works by this author on:
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<p>Clinical Application of Pulmonary Function Testing in Common Paediatric Respiratory Diseases</p>: Pulmonary Function Testing in the Neonatal and Paediatric Intensive Care UnitByJ. Hammer;J. HammeraDivision of Intensive Care and Pulmonology, University Children’s Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; bDepartment of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif., USASearch for other works by this author on:C.J.L. NewthC.J.L. NewthaDivision of Intensive Care and Pulmonology, University Children’s Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; bDepartment of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif., USASearch for other works by this author on: