Manifestations of Stroke
Stroke is the most common neurologic disease and the leading cause of adult disability in Western countries. The initial diagnosis of stroke is clinical and needs to be done as rapidly as possible to guarantee optimal medical and interventional therapy. The emergency stroke management depends heavily upon stroke scores to quantify the damage and to speed up the diagnosis process. Unfortunately, several important stroke syndromes are not taken into consideration in these currently used stroke scores and therefore tend to be overlooked and not treated. Compiled by leading international experts, this book provides an excellent overview on current stroke syndromes, including particularly problematic clinical pictures. Thus, together with stroke scores, the publication will lead to more thorough assessments in emergency settings.
This book is indispensable for neurologists, neurosurgeons, neuroradiologists and physicians involved in the care of stroke patients.
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Table of Contents
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1 - 3: Motor SyndromesByFrancesco Corea;Francesco CoreaBrain Injury Unit, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Foligno, and Intensive Neurorehabilitation Unit, Trevi, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:Sara MicheliSara MicheliBrain Injury Unit, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Foligno, and Intensive Neurorehabilitation Unit, Trevi, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:
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4 - 8: Sensory SyndromesByCarsten M. Klingner;Carsten M. KlingnerHans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, GermanySearch for other works by this author on:Otto W. Witte;Otto W. WitteHans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, GermanySearch for other works by this author on:Albrecht GüntherAlbrecht GüntherHans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, GermanySearch for other works by this author on:
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9 - 12: HeadacheByElisabetta Cittadini;Elisabetta CittadiniaFunctional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain Centre Pain Group, Oxford University, Oxford, UK;Search for other works by this author on:Valeria CasoValeria CasobStroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:
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13 - 16: Eye Movement AbnormalitiesByJorge Moncayo;Jorge MoncayoaNeurovascular Unit, Department of Neurology, Eugenio Espejo Hospital, International University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador;Search for other works by this author on:Julien BogousslavskyJulien BogousslavskybCenter for Brain and Nervous System Disorders, and Neurorehabilitation Services, Genolier Swiss Medical Network, Clinique Valmont, Montreux, SwitzerlandSearch for other works by this author on:
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17 - 21: Visual DysfunctionsByMaurizio Paciaroni;Maurizio PaciaroniaStroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy;Search for other works by this author on:Julien Bogousslavsky;Julien BogousslavskybCenter for Brain and Nervous System Disorders, and Neurorehabilitation Services, Genolier Swiss Medical Network, Clinique Valmont, Montreux, SwitzerlandSearch for other works by this author on:Valeria Caso;Valeria CasoaStroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy;Search for other works by this author on:Giancarlo AgnelliGiancarlo AgnelliaStroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy;Search for other works by this author on:
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22 - 25: Dizziness and VertigoByDavid Della-Morte;David Della-MorteaDepartment of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Fla., USA;bDepartment of Laboratory Medicine & Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:Tatjana RundekTatjana RundekaDepartment of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Fla., USA;Search for other works by this author on:
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26 - 29: Auditory DysfunctionByAntonio Baldi;Antonio BaldiUOC Neurologia-Stroke Unit, Ospedale San Tommaso dei Battuti, Portogruaro, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:Serena Tenaglia;Serena TenagliaUOC Neurologia-Stroke Unit, Ospedale San Tommaso dei Battuti, Portogruaro, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:Sebastiano D'AnnaSebastiano D'AnnaUOC Neurologia-Stroke Unit, Ospedale San Tommaso dei Battuti, Portogruaro, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:
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30 - 33: SeizuresByAndrea AlbertiAndrea AlbertiStroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:
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34 - 37: Impaired ConsciousnessByMonica Acciarresi;Monica AcciarresiStroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:Andrea AlbertiAndrea AlbertiStroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:
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38 - 40: Sleep ChangesByAndrea AlbertiAndrea AlbertiStroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:
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41 - 45: Aphasia and Other Language DisordersByGabriel R. de FreitasGabriel R. de FreitasD'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, BrazilSearch for other works by this author on:
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46 - 49: Confusion, Agitation and DeliriumByJuan Jose MartinJuan Jose MartinStroke Unit Sanatorio Allende, Cordoba, ArgentinaSearch for other works by this author on:
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50 - 53: Executive Dysfunctions and Frontal SyndromesByJoanna SeniówJoanna SeniówInstitute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, PolandSearch for other works by this author on:
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54 - 56: Memory DysfunctionBySerena AmiciSerena AmiciStroke Unit, Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Perugia, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:
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57 - 60: Neurobehavioral SyndromesByBartlomiej Piechowski-Jozwiak;Bartlomiej Piechowski-JozwiakaDepartment of Neurology, Princess Royal University Hospital, Orpington, Kent, andbKing's College Hospital, London, UK;Search for other works by this author on:Julien BogousslavskyJulien BogousslavskycCenter for Brain and Nervous System Disorders, and Neurorehabilitation Services, Genolier Swiss Medical Network, Clinique Valmont, Montreux, SwitzerlandSearch for other works by this author on:
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61 - 64: Right Hemisphere SyndromesByFrancesco Palmerini;Francesco PalmeriniaFondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Castel Goffredo, Italy;Search for other works by this author on:Julien BogousslavskyJulien BogousslavskybCenter for Brain and Nervous System Disorders, and Neurorehabilitation Services, Genolier Swiss Medical Network, Clinique Valmont, Montreux, SwitzerlandSearch for other works by this author on:
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65 - 69: Post-Stroke Dementia and Cognitive ImpairmentByMarco Pasi;Marco PasiDepartment of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:Anna Poggesi;Anna PoggesiDepartment of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:Emilia Salvadori;Emilia SalvadoriDepartment of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:Leonardo PantoniLeonardo PantoniDepartment of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:
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70 - 74: Mood Disorders after StrokeByAntonio Carota;Antonio CarotaaHildebrand Clinic, Rehabilitation Center, Brissago, andSearch for other works by this author on:Julien BogousslavskyJulien BogousslavskybCenter for Brain and Nervous System Disorders, and Neurorehabilitation Services, Genolier Swiss Medical Network, Clinique Valmont, Montreux, SwitzerlandSearch for other works by this author on:
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75 - 78: Agnosia, Apraxia, Callosal Disconnection and Other Specific Cognitive DisordersByMonica AcciarresiMonica AcciarresiStroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:
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79 - 82: Muscle, Peripheral Nerve and Autonomic ChangesByFrancesca Romana Pezzella;Francesca Romana PezzellaStroke Unit, AO San Camillo Forlanini, Rome, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:Sabrina Anticoli;Sabrina AnticoliStroke Unit, AO San Camillo Forlanini, Rome, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:Claudio PozzessereClaudio PozzessereStroke Unit, AO San Camillo Forlanini, Rome, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:
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83 - 85: Dysarthria and MutismByNadezda Sternic;Nadezda SternicClinic for Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Medical School of Belgrade University, Belgrade, SerbiaSearch for other works by this author on:Milija Mijajlovic;Milija MijajlovicClinic for Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Medical School of Belgrade University, Belgrade, SerbiaSearch for other works by this author on:Gordana Tomic;Gordana TomicClinic for Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Medical School of Belgrade University, Belgrade, SerbiaSearch for other works by this author on:Aleksandra PavlovicAleksandra PavlovicClinic for Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Medical School of Belgrade University, Belgrade, SerbiaSearch for other works by this author on:
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86 - 89: Dysphagia - Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and TreatmentByEmanuela Cecconi;Emanuela CecconiDepartment of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:Vittorio Di PieroVittorio Di PieroDepartment of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:
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90 - 93: Ventilatory DisordersByGiorgio Silvestrelli;Giorgio SilvestrelliaStroke Unit, Division of Neurology andSearch for other works by this author on:Alessia Lanari;Alessia LanariaStroke Unit, Division of Neurology andSearch for other works by this author on:Andrea DroghettiAndrea DroghettibThoracic Surgery Division, Carlo Poma Hospital, Mantova, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:
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94 - 98: Lacunar versus Non-Lacunar SyndromesBySara Micheli;Sara MicheliaNeurorehabilitation Unit, Trevi Hospital, Trevi, andSearch for other works by this author on:Francesco CoreaFrancesco CoreabBrain Injury Unit, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Foligno, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:
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99 - 110: Arterial Territories of the Human BrainByLaurent Tatu;Laurent TatuaLaboratoire d'Anatomie, UFR Sciences Médicales et Pharmaceutiques, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon,bService d'Explorations et Pathologies Neuromusculaires, etSearch for other works by this author on:Thierry Moulin;Thierry MoulincService de Neurologie 2, CHU Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France;Search for other works by this author on:Fabrice Vuillier;Fabrice VuillieraLaboratoire d'Anatomie, UFR Sciences Médicales et Pharmaceutiques, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon,bService d'Explorations et Pathologies Neuromusculaires, etcService de Neurologie 2, CHU Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France;Search for other works by this author on:Julien BogousslavskyJulien BogousslavskydCenter for Brain and Nervous System Disorders, and Neurorehabilitation Services, Genolier Swiss Medical Network, Clinique Valmont, Montreux, SwitzerlandSearch for other works by this author on:
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111 - 114: Superficial Middle Cerebral Artery Territory InfarctionByMontserrat González Delgado;Montserrat González DelgadoaNeurology Service, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain;Search for other works by this author on:Julien BogousslavskyJulien BogousslavskybCenter for Brain and Nervous System Disorders, and Neurorehabilitation Services, Genolier Swiss Medical Network, Clinique Valmont, Montreux, SwitzerlandSearch for other works by this author on:
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115 - 119: Lenticulostriate InfarctionByPierre Decavel;Pierre DecavelService de Neurologie, CHU Besançon, Besançon, FranceSearch for other works by this author on:Fabrice Vuillier;Fabrice VuillierService de Neurologie, CHU Besançon, Besançon, FranceSearch for other works by this author on:Thierry MoulinThierry MoulinService de Neurologie, CHU Besançon, Besançon, FranceSearch for other works by this author on:
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120 - 122: Anterior Cerebral Artery and Heubner's Artery Territory InfarctionByKazunori ToyodaKazunori ToyodaDepartment of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, JapanSearch for other works by this author on:
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123 - 127: Anterior Choroidal Artery Territory InfarctionByFrancesca Romana Pezzella;Francesca Romana PezzellaaStroke Unit, AO San Camillo Forlanini andSearch for other works by this author on:Rita VadalàRita VadalàbFondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:
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128 - 131: Posterior Cerebral Artery Territory InfarctionsByCarlo Cereda;Carlo CeredaaDepartment of Neurology, Neurocenter (EOC) of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale Civico, Lugano, andSearch for other works by this author on:Emmanuel CarreraEmmanuel CarrerabDepartment of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, SwitzerlandSearch for other works by this author on:
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132 - 136: Thalamic Infarcts and HemorrhagesBySerena AmiciSerena AmiciStroke Unit, Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Perugia, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:
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137 - 140: Caudate Infarcts and HemorrhagesByMichele Pellizzaro Venti;Michele Pellizzaro VentiStroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:Maurizio Paciaroni;Maurizio PaciaroniStroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:Valeria CasoValeria CasoStroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:
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141 - 144: Putaminal HemorrhagesByGiovanni GhettiGiovanni GhettiDivision of Neurosurgery, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:
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145 - 148: Lobar HemorrhagesByPierpaolo LunardiPierpaolo LunardiUniversity of Perugia, Division of Neurosurgery, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:
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149 - 153: Subarachnoid and Intraventricular HemorrhageByMichele VentiMichele VentiStroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:
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154 - 157: Large Middle Cerebral Artery and Panhemispheric InfarctionByAlessia Giossi;Alessia GiossiDipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:Irene Volonghi;Irene VolonghiDipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:Elisabetta Del Zotto;Elisabetta Del ZottoDipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:Paolo Costa;Paolo CostaDipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:Alessandro Padovani;Alessandro PadovaniDipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:Alessandro PezziniAlessandro PezziniDipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:
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158 - 161: Midbrain Infarcts and HemorrhagesByJorge MoncayoJorge MoncayoNeurovascular Unit, Department of Neurology, Eugenio Espejo Hospital, International University of Ecuador, Quito, EcuadorSearch for other works by this author on:
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162 - 165: Pontine Infarcts and HemorrhagesByJorge MoncayoJorge MoncayoNeurovascular Unit, Department of Neurology, Eugenio Espejo Hospital, International University of Ecuador, Quito, EcuadorSearch for other works by this author on:
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166 - 170: Medullary Infarcts and HemorrhagesByClotilde Balucani;Clotilde BalucaniaNeurology Department, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy;bNeurology Department, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, N.Y., andSearch for other works by this author on:Kristian BarlinnKristian BarlinndComprehensive Stroke Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham Hospital, Birmingham, Ala., USA;cDresden University Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, GermanySearch for other works by this author on:
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171 - 175: Cerebellar Infarcts and HemorrhagesByMichele VentiMichele VentiStroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:
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176 - 180: Extended Infarcts in the Vertebrobasilar TerritoryByPaola SantaluciaPaola SantaluciaFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:
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181 - 184: Border-Zone and Watershed InfarctionsByCataldo D'Amore;Cataldo D'AmoreStroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:Maurizio PaciaroniMaurizio PaciaroniStroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:
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185 - 190: Acute and Chronic Carotid Occlusion SyndromesByAlessia Lanari;Alessia LanariStroke Unit, Division of Neurology, Carlo Poma Hospital, Mantova, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:Giorgio SilvestrelliGiorgio SilvestrelliStroke Unit, Division of Neurology, Carlo Poma Hospital, Mantova, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:
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191 - 194: Venous Ischemic SyndromesByWalter Ageno;Walter AgenoDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:Francesco DentaliFrancesco DentaliDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:
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195 - 198: Spinal Cord SyndromesByJan NovyJan NovyService de Neurologie, CHUV, Lausanne, SwitzerlandSearch for other works by this author on: