Fluid Overload: Diagnosis and Management
Fluid overload is often observed in patients with heart failure and secondary oliguric states. A thorough assessment of the fluid status of the patient may help guide the therapy and prevent complications induced by inappropriate therapeutic strategies. The present publication is divided into four parts: Definition and Classification, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Therapy. In the first section, the authors present new definitions for heart failure, acute kidney injury and cardiorenal syndromes to facilitate the process of understanding the complex link between the heart and the kidney. Subsequently, different conditions leading to fluid overload are described, followed by an account of emerging diagnostic tools, therapies and technologies devoted to the treatment of patients with severe fluid-related disorders. Clearly structured and written, the present book is a practical tool for physicians and professionals involved in the management and care of patients with combined heart and kidney disorders. Moreover, it also serves as a reference textbook for medical students, residents and fellows dealing in everyday practice with fluid overloaded and oliguric patients.
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Table of Contents
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1 - 10: Heart Failure: Pathophysiology and Clinical PictureByAlberto Palazzuoli;Alberto PalazzuoliDepartment of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Cardiology Section, S. Maria alle Scotte Hospital, University of Siena, Siena, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:Ranuccio NutiRanuccio NutiDepartment of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Cardiology Section, S. Maria alle Scotte Hospital, University of Siena, Siena, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:
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11 - 23: Heart Failure Classifications – GuidelinesByEwa A. Jankowska;Ewa A. JankowskaDepartment of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, and Centre for Heart Diseases, Military Hospital, Wroclaw, PolandSearch for other works by this author on:Piotr PonikowskiPiotr PonikowskiDepartment of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, and Centre for Heart Diseases, Military Hospital, Wroclaw, PolandSearch for other works by this author on:
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24 - 32: Acute Kidney Injury: Classification and StagingByDinna N. Cruz;Dinna N. CruzaDepartment of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, San Bortolo Hospital,bInternational Renal Research Institute Vicenza (IRRIV), Vicenza, Italy;Search for other works by this author on:Sean M. Bagshaw;Sean M. BagshawcDivision of Critical Care Medicine, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alta., Canada;Search for other works by this author on:Claudio Ronco;Claudio RoncoaDepartment of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, San Bortolo Hospital,bInternational Renal Research Institute Vicenza (IRRIV), Vicenza, Italy;Search for other works by this author on:Zaccaria RicciZaccaria RiccidDepartment of Pediatric Cardiosurgery, Bambino Gesù Hospital, Rome, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:
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33 - 38: Cardiorenal Syndromes: Definition and ClassificationByClaudio RoncoClaudio RoncoDepartment of Nephrology, Dialysis & Transplantation, International Renal Research Institute, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:
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39 - 45: Oliguria and Fluid OverloadByThomas Rimmelé;Thomas RimmeléThe CRISMA (Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness) Laboratory, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa., USASearch for other works by this author on:John A. KellumJohn A. KellumThe CRISMA (Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness) Laboratory, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa., USASearch for other works by this author on:
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46 - 53: Pathophysiology of Fluid Retention in Heart FailureByErin Chaney;Erin ChaneyDepartment of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, N.C., USASearch for other works by this author on:Andrew ShawAndrew ShawDepartment of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, N.C., USASearch for other works by this author on:
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54 - 68: Fluid Overload as a Biomarker of Heart Failure and Acute Kidney InjuryBySean M. Bagshaw;Sean M. BagshawaDivision of Critical Care Medicine, University of Alberta Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada;Search for other works by this author on:Dinna N. CruzDinna N. CruzbDepartment of Nephrology, Dialysis & Transplantation, International Renal Research Institute, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:
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69 - 78: Fluid Balance Issues in the Critically Ill PatientByJosé;e Bouchard;José;e BouchardaUniversité de Montréal, Montréal, Qué., Canada;Search for other works by this author on:Ravindra L. MehtaRavindra L. MehtabUniversity of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif., USASearch for other works by this author on:
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79 - 87: Prerenal Azotemia in Congestive Heart FailureByEtienne Macedo;Etienne MacedoUniversity of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif., USASearch for other works by this author on:Ravindra MehtaRavindra MehtaUniversity of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif., USASearch for other works by this author on:
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88 - 117: Use of Biomarkers in Evaluation of Patients with Heart FailureByLeo Slavin;Leo SlavinaDivision of Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, Calif.,Search for other works by this author on:Lori B. Daniels;Lori B. DanielsaDivision of Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, Calif.,Search for other works by this author on:Alan S. MaiselAlan S. MaiselaDivision of Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, Calif.,bVeterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, Calif., USASearch for other works by this author on:
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118 - 127: Oliguria, Creatinine and Other Biomarkers of Acute Kidney InjuryByClaudio Ronco;Claudio RoncoaDepartments of Nephrology, Dialysis & Transplantation, andcInternational Renal Research Institute of Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy;Search for other works by this author on:Silvia Grammaticopoulos;Silvia GrammaticopoulosbIntensive Care, San Bortolo Hospital,Search for other works by this author on:Mitchell Rosner;Mitchell RosnerdDivision of Nephrology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Va., USASearch for other works by this author on:Massimo De Cal;Massimo De CalaDepartments of Nephrology, Dialysis & Transplantation, andcInternational Renal Research Institute of Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy;Search for other works by this author on:Sachin Soni;Sachin SoniaDepartments of Nephrology, Dialysis & Transplantation, andcInternational Renal Research Institute of Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy;Search for other works by this author on:Paolo Lentini;Paolo LentiniaDepartments of Nephrology, Dialysis & Transplantation, andcInternational Renal Research Institute of Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy;Search for other works by this author on:Pasquale PiccinniPasquale PiccinnibIntensive Care, San Bortolo Hospital,Search for other works by this author on:
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128 - 142: Current Techniques of Fluid Status AssessmentByW. Frank Peacock;W. Frank PeacockEmergency Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USASearch for other works by this author on:Karina M. SotoKarina M. SotoEmergency Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USASearch for other works by this author on:
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143 - 152: Bioelectric Impedance Measurement for Fluid Status AssessmentByAntonio PiccoliAntonio PiccoliDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Nephrology Clinic, University of Padova, Padova, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:
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153 - 163: Diuretic Therapy in Fluid-Overloaded and Heart Failure PatientsByRinaldo Bellomo;Rinaldo BellomoDepartment of Intensive Care, Austin Health, Melbourne, Vic, AustraliaSearch for other works by this author on:John R. Prowle;John R. ProwleDepartment of Intensive Care, Austin Health, Melbourne, Vic, AustraliaSearch for other works by this author on:Jorge E. EcheverriJorge E. EcheverriDepartment of Intensive Care, Austin Health, Melbourne, Vic, AustraliaSearch for other works by this author on:
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164 - 172: Pharmacological Therapy of Cardiorenal Syndromes and Heart FailureByAndrew A. HouseAndrew A. HouseDivision of Nephrology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., CanadaSearch for other works by this author on:
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173 - 198: Extracorporeal Fluid Removal in Heart Failure PatientsByMaria Rosa Costanzo;Maria Rosa CostanzoaMidwest Heart Foundation, Naperville, Ill., USA;Search for other works by this author on:Piergiuseppe Agostoni;Piergiuseppe AgostonibCentro Cardiologico Monzino, I.R.C.C.S., Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:Giancarlo MarenziGiancarlo MarenzibCentro Cardiologico Monzino, I.R.C.C.S., Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:
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199 - 208: Technical Aspects of Extracorporeal Ultrafiltration: Mechanisms, Monitoring and Dedicated TechnologyByFederico Nalesso;Federico NalessoDepartment of Nephrology, Dialysis & Transplantation, International Renal Research Institute, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:Francesco Garzotto;Francesco GarzottoDepartment of Nephrology, Dialysis & Transplantation, International Renal Research Institute, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:Claudio RoncoClaudio RoncoDepartment of Nephrology, Dialysis & Transplantation, International Renal Research Institute, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:
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209 - 216: Use of Brain Natriuretic Peptide and Bioimpedance to Guide Therapy in Heart Failure PatientsByRoberto Valle;Roberto ValleaDepartment of Cardiology, Ospedale Civile, Chioggia, andSearch for other works by this author on:Nadia AspromonteNadia AspromontebDepartment of Cardiology, Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:
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217 - 226: Fluid Management in Pediatric Intensive CareByIsabella Favia;Isabella FaviaDepartment of Pediatric Cardiosurgery, Bambino Gesù Hospital, Rome, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:Cristiana Garisto;Cristiana GaristoDepartment of Pediatric Cardiosurgery, Bambino Gesù Hospital, Rome, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:Eugenio Rossi;Eugenio RossiDepartment of Pediatric Cardiosurgery, Bambino Gesù Hospital, Rome, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:Sergio Picardo;Sergio PicardoDepartment of Pediatric Cardiosurgery, Bambino Gesù Hospital, Rome, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:Zaccaria RicciZaccaria RicciDepartment of Pediatric Cardiosurgery, Bambino Gesù Hospital, Rome, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:
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227 - 236: Fluid Assessment and Management in the Emergency DepartmentBySalvatore Di Somma;Salvatore Di SommaSant’Andrea Hospital, Second Faculty Medical School, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:Chiara Serena Gori;Chiara Serena GoriSant’Andrea Hospital, Second Faculty Medical School, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:Tommaso Grandi;Tommaso GrandiSant’Andrea Hospital, Second Faculty Medical School, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:Marcello Giuseppe Risicato;Marcello Giuseppe RisicatoSant’Andrea Hospital, Second Faculty Medical School, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:Emiliano SalvatoriEmiliano SalvatoriSant’Andrea Hospital, Second Faculty Medical School, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, ItalySearch for other works by this author on: