Guide to Paediatric Drug Development and Clinical Research
Children in the developed world have never enjoyed better medical care: mortality has decreased and many fatal diseases of the past can today be prevented or even cured. However, the current practice of pharmacotherapy in children does not reflect existing scientific knowledge and has come under scrutiny by paediatricians, pharmacists and regulatory authorities. In order to advance the development of medicines tailored to paediatric needs, US and EU legislators have taken action, and the WHO has initiated a global paediatric campaign. This book gives an overview over the worldwide activities that increasingly include children in the development of new medicines. Triggered by both a better understanding of how the child’s body develops as well as recent legislation in the USA and in Europe, this comprises dosing, ethics, age-appropriate pharmaceutical forms and clinical trials, to name just a few aspects. A wide spectrum of readers will profit from this book, including paediatricians, pharmacists, general practitioners and health care professionals involved in child care and paediatric research, clinical trial personnel, patient advocacy groups, ethics committees, politicians, parents and interested lay persons.
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Table of Contents
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1 - 5: Europe and the Path to Better Medicines for ChildrenByJosé; Ramet;José; RametaDepartment of Paediatrics, University Hospital Antwerp (UZA), Edegem, Belgium,Search for other works by this author on:Birka Lehman;Birka LehmanbBundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, Bonn, Germany andSearch for other works by this author on:Klaus RoseKlaus RosecF. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, Basel, SwitzerlandSearch for other works by this author on:
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6 - 11: European Union Paediatric Regulation: Theory and PracticeByElisabethAnn Wright;ElisabethAnn WrightaHogan & Hartson, Brussels, Belgium andSearch for other works by this author on:Klaus RoseKlaus RosebF. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, Basel, SwitzerlandSearch for other works by this author on:
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12 - 14: United States Paediatric Legislation Impact on Paediatric Drug StudiesByWilliam Rodriguez;William RodriguezaOffice of Paediatric Therapeutics, Office of the Commissioner FDA, Rockville, Md., andSearch for other works by this author on:Samuel MaldonadoSamuel MaldonadobPaediatric Drug Development Center of Excellence, Johnson & Johnson PRD, Raritan, NJ., USASearch for other works by this author on:
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15 - 22: Facilitation of Paediatric Research in JapanByHidefumi Nakamura;Hidefumi NakamuraaDivision for Clinical Trials, Clinical Research Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, andSearch for other works by this author on:Masahiro OzakiMasahiro OzakibRegulatory Affair Division, UCB Japan Co., Ltd., Tokyo, JapanSearch for other works by this author on:
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23 - 31: Ethical Imperatives in Medical Research on Child Subjects – Reflections of a Past President of the World Medical AssociationByWilliam J. AppleyardWilliam J. AppleyardCanterbury, Kent, UKSearch for other works by this author on:
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32 - 39: Paediatric Clinical Research: The Patients' PerspectiveByAlastair Kent;Alastair KentaGenetic Interest Group, London, UK;bEuropean Genetic Alliances’ Network, Brussels, Belgium;Search for other works by this author on:Cor Oosterwijk;Cor OosterwijkbEuropean Genetic Alliances’ Network, Brussels, Belgium;cDutch Genetic Alliance VSOP, Soest, andSearch for other works by this author on:Ysbrand PoortmanYsbrand PoortmandInternational Genetic Alliance, The Hague, The NetherlandsSearch for other works by this author on:
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40 - 45: Providing Global Access to Essential Medicines for Children – The WHO Better Medicines for Children ProgrammeByKalle Hoppu;Kalle HoppuaPoison Information Centre, Helsinki University Central Hospital, and Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland;Search for other works by this author on:Suzanne HillSuzanne HillbMedicines, Access and Rational Use, Essential Medicines and Pharmaceutical Policies, World Health Organisation, Geneva, SwitzerlandSearch for other works by this author on:
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46 - 50: Paediatric Clinical Pharmacology: From Bench to BedsideByJohn N. van den AnkerJohn N. van den AnkerDivision of Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA; Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsSearch for other works by this author on:
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51 - 59: Role of Clinical Pharmacology in the Development of Paediatric Clinical Development PlansByBruno Reigner;Bruno ReignerClinical Research and Exploratory Development and Clinical Pharmacology, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, SwitzerlandSearch for other works by this author on:Bénédicte M. Ricci;Bénédicte M. RicciClinical Research and Exploratory Development and Clinical Pharmacology, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, SwitzerlandSearch for other works by this author on:Xavier Liogier d’;ArdhuyXavier Liogier d’;ArdhuyClinical Research and Exploratory Development and Clinical Pharmacology, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, SwitzerlandSearch for other works by this author on:
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60 - 63: Guide through the EMA Paediatric WebsiteByKlaus Rose;Klaus RoseaF. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, Basel, Switzerland;Search for other works by this author on:Ulrich Granzer;Ulrich GranzerbGranzer Regulatory Consulting & Services, Munich, Germany;Search for other works by this author on:Oscar Della PasquaOscar Della PasquacClinical Pharmacology & Discovery Medicine, GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park, UKSearch for other works by this author on:
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64 - 70: Paediatric Homework: Paediatric Investigation Plan Key ElementsByKlaus Rose;Klaus RoseaF. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, Basel, Switzerland;Search for other works by this author on:Oscar Della PasquaOscar Della PasquabClinical Pharmacology & Discovery Medicine, GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park, UKSearch for other works by this author on:
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71 - 74: Ethics in Paediatric Research: Three Years after the Introduction of the European RegulationByDirk Matthys;Dirk MatthysaDepartment of Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium andSearch for other works by this author on:Klaus RoseKlaus RosebF. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, Basel, SwitzerlandSearch for other works by this author on:
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75 - 82: Consent and Assent in Paediatric Clinical TrialsByP.A. FowlerP.A. FowlerbDanemount Consulting, Hertford, UKSearch for other works by this author on:
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83 - 96: Study and Protocol Design for Paediatric Patients of Different AgesByO. Della Pasqua;O. Della PasquaaClinical Pharmacology & Discovery Medicine, GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park, UK;Search for other works by this author on:L.B. Zimmerhackl;L.B. ZimmerhacklbDepartment of Pediatrics I, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria;Search for other works by this author on:K. RoseK. RosecF. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, Basel, SwitzerlandSearch for other works by this author on:
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97 - 110: Points to Consider when Planning the Collection of Blood or Tissue Samples in Clinical Trials of Investigational Medicinal Products in Children, Infants and NeonatesByDaniel B. Hawcutt;Daniel B. HawcuttaUniversity of Liverpool,bAlder Hey Children’s Hospital, andSearch for other works by this author on:Sabine Fuerst-Recktenwald;Sabine Fuerst-RecktenwalddF. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, SwitzerlandSearch for other works by this author on:Mark A. TurnerMark A. TurneraUniversity of Liverpool,cLiverpool Women’s Hospital, Liverpool, UK;Search for other works by this author on:
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111 - 116: What Constitutes Adequate Strength of Evidence?BySimon DaySimon DayRoche Products Ltd., Welwyn Garden City, UKSearch for other works by this author on:
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117 - 127: Paediatric FormulationsByC. Tuleu;C. TuleuaCentre for Paediatric Pharmacy Research, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, London, UK;Search for other works by this author on:D. Solomonidou;D. SolomonidoubNovartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland;Search for other works by this author on:J. BreitkreutzJ. BreitkreutzcHeinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Düsseldorf, GermanySearch for other works by this author on:
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128 - 130: The Future of Oral Paediatric FormulationsByDaniel Bar-ShalomDaniel Bar-ShalomDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkSearch for other works by this author on:
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131 - 137: Paediatric Pharmacovigilance in Clinical Research and Drug DevelopmentByDirk Mentzer;Dirk MentzeraPaul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany;Search for other works by this author on:Simon DaySimon DaybRoche Products Ltd., Welwyn Garden City, UKSearch for other works by this author on:
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138 - 143: Role of Non-Clinical Safety Assessment in Paediatric Drug DevelopmentByLuc M. De SchaepdrijverLuc M. De SchaepdrijverGlobal Preclinical Development, Johnson and Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Beerse, BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:
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144 - 154: Paediatric Critical CareByBrahm Goldstein;Brahm GoldsteinaIkaria, Inc., Clinton, N.J., University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey and Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, N.J., andSearch for other works by this author on:Robert M. Nelson;Robert M. NelsonbOffice of Paediatric Therapeutics, Office of the Commissioner, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Md., USA;Search for other works by this author on:Simon NadelSimon NadelcPaediatric Intensive Care, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St. Mary’s Campus, London, UKSearch for other works by this author on:
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155 - 159: Research and Drug Development in Paediatric OncologyByGiorgio Massimini;Giorgio MassiminiaPharmaceuticals Division, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland;Search for other works by this author on:Klaus Rose;Klaus RoseaPharmaceuticals Division, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland;Search for other works by this author on:Gilles Vassal;Gilles VassalbInstitut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France andSearch for other works by this author on:Kathy Pritchard-JonesKathy Pritchard-JonescThe Institute of Cancer Research and the Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, UKSearch for other works by this author on:
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160 - 163: Paediatric Cancer Treatment in AfricaByLorna A. RennerLorna A. RennerKorle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, GhanaSearch for other works by this author on:
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164 - 169: Paediatric Clinical Research in Immunology and InflammationByC. Bolte;C. BolteaF. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, Basel, andSearch for other works by this author on:L. Senolt;L. SenoltcDepartment of Experimental Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech RepublicSearch for other works by this author on:S. GayS. GaybDepartment of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland;Search for other works by this author on:
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170 - 177: Clinical Trials of Anti-Infective Agents in PaediatricsByIrja Lutsar;Irja LutsaraUniversity of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia;Search for other works by this author on:Ian FriedlandIan FriedlandbCubist Pharmaceuticals, Lexington, Mass., USASearch for other works by this author on:
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178 - 186: Obesity in ChildrenByJohannes HebebrandJohannes HebebrandDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, LVR-Klinikum Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, GermanySearch for other works by this author on:
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187 - 195: Familial Dyslipidaemia in ChildrenByD.M. Kusters;D.M. KustersaDepartments of Vascular Medicine,bPediatrics, andSearch for other works by this author on:Hans J. Avis;Hans J. AvisaDepartments of Vascular Medicine,bPediatrics, andSearch for other works by this author on:Maud N. Vissers;Maud N. VissersaDepartments of Vascular Medicine,Search for other works by this author on:Barbara A. Hutten;Barbara A. HuttencClinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsSearch for other works by this author on:John J.P. Kastelein;John J.P. KasteleinaDepartments of Vascular Medicine,Search for other works by this author on:Albert WiegmanAlbert WiegmanbPediatrics, andSearch for other works by this author on:
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196 - 205: Paediatric Anti-Hypertensive Clinical Trials and Various Factors Influencing Trial Success or FailureByJennifer S. Li;Jennifer S. LiaDepartment of Paediatrics and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, N.C., andSearch for other works by this author on:Daniel K. Benjamin Jr.;Daniel K. Benjamin Jr.aDepartment of Paediatrics and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, N.C., andSearch for other works by this author on:Thomas Severin;Thomas SeverincNovartis Pharma AG, Basel, SwitzerlandSearch for other works by this author on:Ronald J. PortmanRonald J. PortmanbBristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, N.J., USA;Search for other works by this author on:
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206 - 211: Paediatric Vaccination TrialsByFrancesca Ceddia;Francesca CeddiaaGlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Wavre, Belgium,Search for other works by this author on:Audino Podda;Audino PoddabNovartis Vaccines Institute for Global Health, Siena, Italy, andSearch for other works by this author on:Timo VesikariTimo VesikaricVaccine Research Center, University of Tampere, Tampere, FinlandSearch for other works by this author on:
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212 - 214: Future of the Paediatric Pharmaceutical MarketByVincent Grek;Vincent GrekaOnly for Children Pharmaceuticals (O4CP), Paris, France,Search for other works by this author on:Klaus RoseKlaus RosebGranzer Regulatory Consulting and Services, Munich, GermanySearch for other works by this author on: