Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease: From the Cholesterol Hypothesis to w6/w3 Balance Contributions by Okuyama, H. (Nagoya); Ichikawa, Y. (Nagoya); Sun, Y. (Dalian); Hamazaki, T. (Toyama); Lands, W.E.M. (College Park, Md.)
This publication is organized in an exceptional way: Each chapter introduces several completed clinical trials and provides the original conclusions and discussions of the results. The authors then contribute their own comments and interpretations of the findings, challenging the prevailing belief that serum cholesterol is a mediator of disease which is increased by eating saturated fats and decreased by eating polyunsaturated fats. They argue that upon closer scrutiny, the diet recommendations based on the cholesterol hypothesis are essentially ineffective in reducing serum cholesterol levels in the long run. Instead, it is proposed that traditional cholesterol biomarkers are of different significance in short- and long-term interventions due to the feedback control mechanisms in the body. Even more important, the association of high serum cholesterol values with high coronary heart disease mortality is not consistent when different populations are compared: This mortality rate may simply reflect the incidence and severity of familial hypercholesterolemia cases. This agrees with the observation that higher serum cholesterol values associate with lower cancer and all-cause mortalities in populations with a low relative proportion of this disorder. Thus, there seems to be no benefit of limiting dietary cholesterol intake or lowering serum cholesterol values below a certain limit. Moreover, evidence has been found that the health risk results from high intakes of calories, aggravated by an unbalanced intake of omega6/omega3 polyunsaturated fats. Based on the reviewed data, new directions of lipid nutrition are recommended for the primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease, cancer and all-cause deaths, which will likely revolutionize current dietary practice.
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1 - 17: The Cholesterol Hypothesis – Its Basis and Its FaultsByH. Okuyama;H. OkuyamaLaboratory of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, Nagoya, JapanSearch for other works by this author on:Y. Ichikawa;Y. IchikawaLaboratory of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, Nagoya, JapanSearch for other works by this author on:Y. Sun;Y. SunLaboratory of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, Nagoya, JapanSearch for other works by this author on:T. Hamazaki;T. HamazakiLaboratory of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, Nagoya, JapanSearch for other works by this author on:W.E.M. LandsW.E.M. LandsLaboratory of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, Nagoya, JapanSearch for other works by this author on:
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19 - 36: Association of High Total Cholesterol with Coronary Heart Disease Mortality Differs among Subject Populations – Familial Hypercholesterolemia as a Key ConceptByH. Okuyama;H. OkuyamaLaboratory of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, Nagoya, JapanSearch for other works by this author on:Y. Ichikawa;Y. IchikawaLaboratory of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, Nagoya, JapanSearch for other works by this author on:Y. Sun;Y. SunLaboratory of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, Nagoya, JapanSearch for other works by this author on:T. Hamazaki;T. HamazakiLaboratory of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, Nagoya, JapanSearch for other works by this author on:W.E.M. LandsW.E.M. LandsLaboratory of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, Nagoya, JapanSearch for other works by this author on:
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37 - 54: Cancer and All-Cause Mortalities Are Lower in the Higher Total Cholesterol Groups among General PopulationsByH. Okuyama;H. OkuyamaLaboratory of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, Nagoya, JapanSearch for other works by this author on:Y. Ichikawa;Y. IchikawaLaboratory of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, Nagoya, JapanSearch for other works by this author on:Y. Sun;Y. SunLaboratory of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, Nagoya, JapanSearch for other works by this author on:T. Hamazaki;T. HamazakiLaboratory of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, Nagoya, JapanSearch for other works by this author on:W.E.M. LandsW.E.M. LandsLaboratory of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, Nagoya, JapanSearch for other works by this author on:
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55 - 66: Pleiotropic Effects of Statins in the Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease – Potential Side EffectsByH. Okuyama;H. OkuyamaLaboratory of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, Nagoya, JapanSearch for other works by this author on:Y. Ichikawa;Y. IchikawaLaboratory of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, Nagoya, JapanSearch for other works by this author on:Y. Sun;Y. SunLaboratory of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, Nagoya, JapanSearch for other works by this author on:T. Hamazaki;T. HamazakiLaboratory of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, Nagoya, JapanSearch for other works by this author on:W.E.M. LandsW.E.M. LandsLaboratory of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, Nagoya, JapanSearch for other works by this author on:
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67 - 82: Objective Measures of the Pathology of Coronary Heart DiseaseByH. Okuyama;H. OkuyamaLaboratory of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, Nagoya, JapanSearch for other works by this author on:Y. Ichikawa;Y. IchikawaLaboratory of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, Nagoya, JapanSearch for other works by this author on:Y. Sun;Y. SunLaboratory of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, Nagoya, JapanSearch for other works by this author on:T. Hamazaki;T. HamazakiLaboratory of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, Nagoya, JapanSearch for other works by this author on:W.E.M. LandsW.E.M. LandsLaboratory of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, Nagoya, JapanSearch for other works by this author on:
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83 - 103: ω3 Fatty Acids Effectively Prevent Coronary Heart Disease and Other Late-Onset Diseases – The Excessive Linoleic Acid SyndromeByH. Okuyama;H. OkuyamaLaboratory of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, Nagoya, JapanSearch for other works by this author on:Y. Ichikawa;Y. IchikawaLaboratory of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, Nagoya, JapanSearch for other works by this author on:Y. Sun;Y. SunLaboratory of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, Nagoya, JapanSearch for other works by this author on:T. Hamazaki;T. HamazakiLaboratory of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, Nagoya, JapanSearch for other works by this author on:W.E.M. LandsW.E.M. LandsLaboratory of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, Nagoya, JapanSearch for other works by this author on:
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105 - 118: Why Isn’t the Causal Relationship between Linoleic Acid and Mortalities from Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke Revealed by Clinical Studies?ByH. Okuyama;H. OkuyamaLaboratory of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, Nagoya, JapanSearch for other works by this author on:Y. Ichikawa;Y. IchikawaLaboratory of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, Nagoya, JapanSearch for other works by this author on:Y. Sun;Y. SunLaboratory of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, Nagoya, JapanSearch for other works by this author on:T. Hamazaki;T. HamazakiLaboratory of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, Nagoya, JapanSearch for other works by this author on:W.E.M. LandsW.E.M. LandsLaboratory of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, Nagoya, JapanSearch for other works by this author on:
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119 - 141: Mechanisms by Which Dietary Fats Affect Coronary Heart Diesease MortalityByH. Okuyama;H. OkuyamaLaboratory of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, Nagoya, JapanSearch for other works by this author on:Y. Ichikawa;Y. IchikawaLaboratory of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, Nagoya, JapanSearch for other works by this author on:Y. Sun;Y. SunLaboratory of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, Nagoya, JapanSearch for other works by this author on:T. Hamazaki;T. HamazakiLaboratory of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, Nagoya, JapanSearch for other works by this author on:W.E.M. LandsW.E.M. LandsLaboratory of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, Nagoya, JapanSearch for other works by this author on:
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143 - 149: Cancers Common in the USA Are Stimulated by ω 6 Fatty Acids and Large Amounts of Animal Fats, but Suppressed by ω 3 Fatty Acids and CholesterolByH. Okuyama;H. OkuyamaLaboratory of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, Nagoya, JapanSearch for other works by this author on:Y. Ichikawa;Y. IchikawaLaboratory of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, Nagoya, JapanSearch for other works by this author on:Y. Sun;Y. SunLaboratory of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, Nagoya, JapanSearch for other works by this author on:T. Hamazaki;T. HamazakiLaboratory of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, Nagoya, JapanSearch for other works by this author on:W.E.M. LandsW.E.M. LandsLaboratory of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, Nagoya, JapanSearch for other works by this author on:
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151 - 158: New Directions of Lipid Nutrition for the Primary and Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease and Other Late-Onset DiseasesByH. Okuyama;H. OkuyamaLaboratory of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, Nagoya, JapanSearch for other works by this author on:Y. Ichikawa;Y. IchikawaLaboratory of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, Nagoya, JapanSearch for other works by this author on:Y. Sun;Y. SunLaboratory of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, Nagoya, JapanSearch for other works by this author on:T. Hamazaki;T. HamazakiLaboratory of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, Nagoya, JapanSearch for other works by this author on:W.E.M. LandsW.E.M. LandsLaboratory of Preventive Nutraceutical Sciences Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, Nagoya, JapanSearch for other works by this author on: