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Objectives: To critically examine and summarize the literature identifying risk factorsand prevention strategies for injury in child and adolescent sport. Data Sources: Sevenelectronic databases were searched including: Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing andAllied Health Literature (CINAHL), Psychinfo, Cochrane Database for Systematic andComplete Reviews, Cochrane Controlled Trials Registry, HealthSTAR and SPORTDiscus.Medical subject headings and text words included: athletic injury, sport injury, risk factors,adolescent and child. Additional articles were reviewed based on sport-specific contributionsin the previous chapters of this book. Main Results: Despite the diversity of injuriesoccurring in various pediatric sporting populations, the uniformity with respect to many ofthe risk factors identified in the literature is noteworthy (i.e. previous injury, age, sportspecificity, psychosocial factors, decreased strength and endurance). The literature is significantlylimited with respect to the prospective evaluation of risk factors and preventionstrategies for injury in pediatric sport. The consistencies, however, between the adultand pediatric literature are encouraging with respect to prevention strategies involvingneuromuscular training programs (i.e. balance training programs) to reduce lower extremityinjuries in some sports and the use of sport-specific protective equipment (i.e. helmets).Conclusions: Notwithstanding the limitations in the literature, the successful evaluationof some sport-specific prevention strategies to reduce injury in pediatric sport is encouraging.There is significant opportunity to methodologically improve upon the currentpediatric sport injury literature in descriptive surveillance research, risk factor evaluationresearch, and prevention research. There is a need for prospective studies, ideally randomizedcontrolled trials, in the evaluation of prevention strategies in pediatric sport. Theintegration of basic science, laboratory and epidemiological research is critical in evaluatingthe mechanisms associated with injury and injury prevention in pediatric sport.Finally, long-term studies are needed to identify the public health impact of pediatric sportinjury.

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Subject: Epidemiology of Pediatric Sports InjuriesIndividual Sports > 179 - 200: Injury Prevention and Future Research

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