Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence has been used for imaging purposes for more than half a century; First employed by ophthalmologists for visualizing the retinal artery in the late 1960s, the application of ICG fluorescence imaging has since been continuously expanded. Recently, advances in imaging technologies have led to renewed attention regarding the use of ICG in the field of hepatobiliary surgery, as a new tool for visualizing the biliary tree and liver tumors. This book introduces cutting-edge knowledge about fluorescence imaging techniques using both ICG and other new promising chemicals. After an introductory chapter on the history and basic technique of fluorescence imaging for hepatobiliary-pancreatic surgery, various clinical applications of ICG fluorescence imaging are discussed. These range from the identification of various malignancies to the use of imaging in surgery. The last part of this publication is dedicated to an outlook on near-future technology.