Probiotic Bacteria and Their Effect on Human Health and Well-Being
Our microflora is an individual personal feature, providing a distinct tag to individuals. However, our intestinal microbiome is strongly affected by genetic, nutritional, and other external factors, and evolves with age. An effect of different microbial patterns on health appears very likely as there seem to be specific changes of intestinal microflora associated with various diseases. Specific microbial tags may thus be used as biomarkers of disease: to diagnose it, to monitor its evolution, and eventually to predict its response to treatment. This scenario opens the opportunity for targeting intestinal microflora using probiotics, both for prevention and treatment of an increasing number of conditions. Probiotic therapy is applied either as an adjunct to other treatments or as primary therapy, and evidence of efficacy is accumulating in several conditions, affecting either the intestine or nonintestinal organs. This publication provides an update on probiotics directed at physicians, biologists, biotechnologists, and researchers working in the food industry and agriculture, as well as in the environmental and basic sciences.
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1 - 8: Probiotics: Definition and Taxonomy 10 Years after the FAO/WHO GuidelinesByLorenzo MorelliLorenzo MorelliFacoltà di Agraria, UCSC Piacenza e Cremona, Piacenza, and Istituto di Microbiologia e Centro Ricerche Biotecnologiche, Cremona, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:
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9 - 16: Intestinal Microbiota Composition in ChildrenByVittoria Buccigrossi;Vittoria BuccigrossiDepartment of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:Emanuele Nicastro;Emanuele NicastroDepartment of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:Alfredo GuarinoAlfredo GuarinoDepartment of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:
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17 - 24: Intestinal Microbiota Composition in AdultsByVirginia Robles Alonso;Virginia Robles AlonsoDigestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Ciberehd, Barcelona, SpainSearch for other works by this author on:Francisco GuarnerFrancisco GuarnerDigestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Ciberehd, Barcelona, SpainSearch for other works by this author on:
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25 - 31: The Intestinal Microbiota and AgingByPaul W. O'Toole;Paul W. O'TooleaDepartment of Microbiology and Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland;Search for other works by this author on:Patrizia BrigidiPatrizia BrigidibDepartment of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:
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32 - 42: Shaping Intestinal Bacterial Community by TLR and NLR SignalingByKoichi S. KobayashiKoichi S. KobayashiaDepartment of Microbial and Molecular Pathogenesis, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Tex.,bDepartment of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, andcDepartment of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Mass., USASearch for other works by this author on:
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43 - 55: Importance of Early Microbial Colonization for Intestinal Immune DevelopmentByP. BrandtzaegP. BrandtzaegaLaboratory for Immunohistochemistry and Immunopathology (LIIPAT), Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR), University of Oslo, andbDepartment of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, NorwaySearch for other works by this author on:
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56 - 63: Effects of the Intestinal Microbiota on Behavior and Brain BiochemistryByEoin Barrett;Eoin BarrettaAlimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, Biosciences Institute, andcDepartment of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, andbTeagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, IrelandSearch for other works by this author on:Timothy G. Dinan;Timothy G. DinanaAlimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, Biosciences Institute, andSearch for other works by this author on:John F. Cryan;John F. CryanaAlimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, Biosciences Institute, andSearch for other works by this author on:Eamonn M.M. Quigley;Eamonn M.M. QuigleyaAlimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, Biosciences Institute, andSearch for other works by this author on:Fergus Shanahan;Fergus ShanahanaAlimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, Biosciences Institute, andSearch for other works by this author on:Paul W. O'Toole;Paul W. O'TooleaAlimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, Biosciences Institute, andcDepartment of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, andSearch for other works by this author on:Gerald F. Fitzgerald;Gerald F. FitzgeraldaAlimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, Biosciences Institute, andcDepartment of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, andSearch for other works by this author on:Catherine Stanton;Catherine StantonaAlimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, Biosciences Institute, andbTeagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, IrelandSearch for other works by this author on:R. Paul RossR. Paul RossaAlimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, Biosciences Institute, andbTeagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, IrelandSearch for other works by this author on:
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64 - 71: Relationship between Bacterial Colonization of Human Digestive and Respiratory TractBySusan V. LynchSusan V. LynchDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine University of California, San Francisco, Calif., USASearch for other works by this author on:
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72 - 78: Probiotics in the Prevention and Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases in ChildrenByBénédicte Pigneur;Bénédicte PigneuraMolecular Medicine Unit, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds, UK andbHuman Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Tex., USASearch for other works by this author on:Frank M. RuemmeleFrank M. RuemmeleaMolecular Medicine Unit, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds, UK andbHuman Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Tex., USASearch for other works by this author on:
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79 - 86: Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in ChildrenByFlavia Indrio;Flavia IndrioaDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Bari, Bari,Search for other works by this author on:Giuseppe RiezzoGiuseppe RiezzobLaboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, IRCCS ‘S de Bellis', Castellana Grotte (BA), ItalySearch for other works by this author on:
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87 - 94: Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in AdultsByEamonn M.M. QuigleyEamonn M.M. QuigleyAlimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, IrelandSearch for other works by this author on:
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95 - 102: Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity in ChildrenByR. Luoto;R. LuotoaDepartment of Paediatrics, Satakunta Central Hospital, Pori,bInstitute of Clinical Medicine,Search for other works by this author on:M.C. Collado;M.C. ColladofInstituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, SpainSearch for other works by this author on:K. Laitinen;K. LaitinencInstitute of Biomedicine,dFunctional Foods Forum, University of Turku, andSearch for other works by this author on:S. Salminen;S. SalminendFunctional Foods Forum, University of Turku, andSearch for other works by this author on:E. IsolauriE. IsolauribInstitute of Clinical Medicine,eDepartment of Paediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland;Search for other works by this author on:
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103 - 121: Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity in AdultsBySusan E. Power;Susan E. PoweraDepartment of Microbiology,bAlimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, andSearch for other works by this author on:Gerald F. Fitzgerald;Gerald F. FitzgeraldaDepartment of Microbiology,bAlimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, andSearch for other works by this author on:Paul W. O'Toole;Paul W. O'TooleaDepartment of Microbiology,bAlimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, andSearch for other works by this author on:R. Paul Ross;R. Paul RossbAlimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, andcTeagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, andSearch for other works by this author on:Catherine Stanton;Catherine StantonbAlimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, andcTeagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, andSearch for other works by this author on:Eamonn M.M. Quigley;Eamonn M.M. QuigleybAlimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, anddDepartment of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork,Search for other works by this author on:Eileen F. MurphyEileen F. MurphyeAlimentary Health Ltd., Cork, IrelandSearch for other works by this author on:
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122 - 127: Neonatal Necrotizing EnterocolitisByJosef NeuJosef NeuNeonatal Biochemical Nutrition and GI Development Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla., USASearch for other works by this author on:
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128 - 138: Role of Probiotics in AllergiesByRoberto Berni Canani;Roberto Berni CananiaFood Allergy Unit, Department of Translational Medicine - Pediatric Section, andbEuropean Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases, University of Naples ‘Federico II', Naples, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:Margherita Di Costanzo;Margherita Di CostanzoaFood Allergy Unit, Department of Translational Medicine - Pediatric Section, andSearch for other works by this author on:Rita Nocerino;Rita NocerinoaFood Allergy Unit, Department of Translational Medicine - Pediatric Section, andSearch for other works by this author on:Vincenza Pezzella;Vincenza PezzellaaFood Allergy Unit, Department of Translational Medicine - Pediatric Section, andSearch for other works by this author on:Linda Cosenza;Linda CosenzaaFood Allergy Unit, Department of Translational Medicine - Pediatric Section, andSearch for other works by this author on:Viviana Granata;Viviana GranataaFood Allergy Unit, Department of Translational Medicine - Pediatric Section, andSearch for other works by this author on:Ludovica LeoneLudovica LeoneaFood Allergy Unit, Department of Translational Medicine - Pediatric Section, andSearch for other works by this author on:
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139 - 150: Probiotics in Respiratory InfectionsByEugenia Bruzzese;Eugenia BruzzeseDepartment of Translational Medical Science-Section of Pediatrics, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:Andrea Lo Vecchio;Andrea Lo VecchioDepartment of Translational Medical Science-Section of Pediatrics, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:Eliana RubertoEliana RubertoDepartment of Translational Medical Science-Section of Pediatrics, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:
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151 - 160: Are Probiotic Effects Dose-Related?ByTiffany J. Patton;Tiffany J. PattonDepartment of Pediatrics, Section of Gastroenterology, University of Chicago Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, Ill., USASearch for other works by this author on:Stefano GuandaliniStefano GuandaliniDepartment of Pediatrics, Section of Gastroenterology, University of Chicago Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, Ill., USASearch for other works by this author on:
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161 - 170: Safety of ProbioticsByIva Hojsak;Iva HojsakaReferral Center for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Zagreb, andbUniversity of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia;Search for other works by this author on:Raanan ShamirRaanan ShamircInstitute for Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, anddSackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, IsraelSearch for other works by this author on:
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171 - 177: Age-Related Functional Feeding: A Novel Tool to Improve the Quality of LifeByS.D. Forssten;S.D. ForsstenaDanisco Sweeteners, Active Nutrition, DuPont Nutrition and Health, Kantvik, Finland;Search for other works by this author on:H. Röytiö;H. RöytiöaDanisco Sweeteners, Active Nutrition, DuPont Nutrition and Health, Kantvik, Finland;Search for other works by this author on:F. Ibrahim;F. IbrahimbSchool of Science, Technology, and Health, University Campus Suffolk, Ipswich, UKSearch for other works by this author on:A.C. OuwehandA.C. OuwehandaDanisco Sweeteners, Active Nutrition, DuPont Nutrition and Health, Kantvik, Finland;Search for other works by this author on:
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178 - 185: Use of Microbes to Fight MicrobesByColin HillColin HillAlimentary Pharmabiotic Centre and Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, IrelandSearch for other works by this author on:
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186 - 196: What Is the Future for Therapies Derived from the Microbiome (Pharmabiotics)?ByGer T. Rijkers;Ger T. Rijkersa Biomedical and Life Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht and Roosevelt Academy, Middelburg,Search for other works by this author on:Frans M. Rombouts;Frans M. RomboutscFood Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen,Search for other works by this author on:Louis M.A. AkkermansLouis M.A. AkkermansdGastrointestinal Physiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The NetherlandsSearch for other works by this author on: