Tattooed Skin and Health
With about 10–20% of the adult population in Europe being tattooed, there is a strong demand for publications discussing the various issues related to tattooed skin and health. Until now, only a few scientific studies on tattooing have been published. This book discusses different aspects of the various medical risks associated with tattoos, such as allergic reactions from red tattoos, papulo-nodular reactions from black tattoos as well as technical and psycho-social complications, in addition to bacterial and viral infections. Further sections are dedicated to the composition of tattoo inks, and a case is made for the urgent introduction of national and international regulations. Distinguished authors, all specialists in their particular fields, have contributed to this publication which provides a comprehensive view of the health implications associated with tattooing. The book covers a broad range of topics that will be of interest to clinicians and nursing staff, toxicologists and regulators as well as laser surgeons who often face the challenge of having to remove tattoos, professional tattooists and producers of tattoo ink.
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Table of Contents
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The Tattooed and the Social Environment: The Cultural Heritage of Tattooing: A Brief HistoryByLars KrutakLars KrutakRepatriation Office, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., USASearch for other works by this author on:
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The Tattooed and the Social Environment: Epidemiology of Tattoos in Industrialized CountriesByNicolas KlugerNicolas KlugerUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Dermatology, Helsinki, FinlandSearch for other works by this author on:
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The Practise of Tattooing: Tattoo Machines, Needles and UtilitiesByFrank RosenkildeFrank RosenkildeBel Air Tattoo, Copenhagen, DenmarkSearch for other works by this author on:
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The Practise of Tattooing: The Technique and Craftsmanship of Tattooing in the Professional Tattoo ParlourByLars KristensenLars KristensenDTL - Danish Tattooist Assoc., Sorø, DenmarkSearch for other works by this author on:
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The Practise of Tattooing: Tattoo as Art, the Drivers Behind the Fascination and the Decision to Become TattooedByLiz Kierstein;Liz KiersteinaIndependent Tattoo Artists, Copenhagen, Denmark; bNorwegian Tattoo Union, Oslo, NorwaySearch for other works by this author on:Kari C. KjelskauKari C. KjelskauaIndependent Tattoo Artists, Copenhagen, Denmark; bNorwegian Tattoo Union, Oslo, NorwaySearch for other works by this author on:
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The Practise of Tattooing: Personal Records from My Tattoo Parlour: Deep Emotions Drawn as Life-Long Pictures on the Skin's CanvasByLiz KiersteinLiz KiersteinIndependent Tattoo Artists, Copenhagen, DenmarkSearch for other works by this author on:
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The Practise of Tattooing: Tattooist-Customer Relationships in a Diversified Environment of Professional Tattooists and ‘Scratchers'ByMads Wedel KristensenMads Wedel KristensenInstitute of Sociology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkSearch for other works by this author on:
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Tattoos and Adverse Events: Tattoo Complaints and Complications: Diagnosis and Clinical SpectrumByJørgen Serup;Jørgen SerupDepartment of Dermatology, ‘Tattoo Clinic', Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, DenmarkSearch for other works by this author on:Katrina Hutton Carlsen;Katrina Hutton CarlsenDepartment of Dermatology, ‘Tattoo Clinic', Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, DenmarkSearch for other works by this author on:Mitra SepehriMitra SepehriDepartment of Dermatology, ‘Tattoo Clinic', Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, DenmarkSearch for other works by this author on:
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Tattoos and Adverse Events: Complications of Cosmetic TattoosByChrista De CuyperChrista De CuyperDepartment of Dermatology, AZ Sint-Jan, Brugge, BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:
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Tattoos and Adverse Events: Chronic Tattoo Reactions Cause Reduced Quality of Life Equaling Cumbersome Skin DiseasesByKatrina Hutton Carlsen;Katrina Hutton CarlsenDepartment of Dermatology, ‘Tattoo Clinic', Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, DenmarkSearch for other works by this author on:Jørgen SerupJørgen SerupDepartment of Dermatology, ‘Tattoo Clinic', Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, DenmarkSearch for other works by this author on:
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Tattoos and Adverse Events: Contraindications for TattooingByNicolas KlugerNicolas KlugerUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Dermatology, Helsinki, FinlandSearch for other works by this author on:
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Tattoos and Adverse Events: Laser Tattoo Removal, Precautions, and Unwanted EffectsByYvonne Eklund;Yvonne EklundCentre for Laser and Vascular Anomalies, Department of Dermatology, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenSearch for other works by this author on:Agneta Troilius RubinAgneta Troilius RubinCentre for Laser and Vascular Anomalies, Department of Dermatology, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, SwedenSearch for other works by this author on:
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Tattoos and Adverse Events: Nano-Scale Observations of Tattoo Pigments in Skin by Atomic Force MicroscopyByColin A. Grant;Colin A. GrantaDepartment of Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, bCentre for Skin Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UKSearch for other works by this author on:Peter C. Twigg;Peter C. TwiggaDepartment of Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, bCentre for Skin Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UKSearch for other works by this author on:Desmond J. TobinDesmond J. TobinaDepartment of Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, bCentre for Skin Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UKSearch for other works by this author on:
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Manufacturing, Materials and Properties of Marketed Tattoo Ink Stock Products: Manufacturing of Tattoo Ink Products Today and in Future: EuropeByRalf MichelRalf MichelTIME - Tattoo Ink Manufacturer Europe, Neuburg am Rhein, GermanySearch for other works by this author on:
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Manufacturing, Materials and Properties of Marketed Tattoo Ink Stock Products: The Realistic Variables Underlying True Safety in Tattoo Pigment ManufacturingByMario BarthMario BarthINTENZE Products, Hackensack, N.J., USASearch for other works by this author on:
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Manufacturing, Materials and Properties of Marketed Tattoo Ink Stock Products: Making Innovative Tattoo Ink Products with Improved Safety: Possible and Impossible Ingredients in Practical UsageByMichael DirksMichael DirksH-A-N GmbH, Esslingen, GermanySearch for other works by this author on:
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Manufacturing, Materials and Properties of Marketed Tattoo Ink Stock Products: Tailored Surface Engineering of Pigments by Layer-by-Layer CoatingByLars Dähne;Lars DähneaSurflay Nanotec GmbH, Berlin, and bMT.DERM GmbH, Berlin, GermanySearch for other works by this author on:Julia Schneider;Julia SchneideraSurflay Nanotec GmbH, Berlin, and bMT.DERM GmbH, Berlin, GermanySearch for other works by this author on:Dirk Lewe;Dirk LeweaSurflay Nanotec GmbH, Berlin, and bMT.DERM GmbH, Berlin, GermanySearch for other works by this author on:Henrik PetersenHenrik PetersenaSurflay Nanotec GmbH, Berlin, and bMT.DERM GmbH, Berlin, GermanySearch for other works by this author on:
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Ingredients, Chemical Analysis and Safety of Marketed Tattoo Ink Stock Products: Chemical Purity and Toxicology of Pigments Used in Tattoo InksByHenrik Petersen;Henrik PetersenMT.DERM GmbH, Berlin, GermanySearch for other works by this author on:Dirk LeweDirk LeweMT.DERM GmbH, Berlin, GermanySearch for other works by this author on:
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Ingredients, Chemical Analysis and Safety of Marketed Tattoo Ink Stock Products: Survey on European Studies of the Chemical Characterisation of Tattoo Ink Products and the Measurement of Potentially Harmful IngredientsByManuela Agnello;Manuela AgnelloARPA Piemonte, Regional Agency of Environmental Protection, Igiene Industriale, Grugliasco, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:Marco FontanaMarco FontanaARPA Piemonte, Regional Agency of Environmental Protection, Igiene Industriale, Grugliasco, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:
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Ingredients, Chemical Analysis and Safety of Marketed Tattoo Ink Stock Products: Tattoo Inks: Legislation, Pigments, Metals and Chemical AnalysisByGerald PriorGerald PriorCTL Bielefeld GmbH, Bielefeld, GermanySearch for other works by this author on:
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Ingredients, Chemical Analysis and Safety of Marketed Tattoo Ink Stock Products: The Challenges and Limitations of Chemical Analysis of Particulate Pigments of Very Low SolubilityByOle OlsenOle OlsenMedico Chemical Lab ApS, Vedbaek, DenmarkSearch for other works by this author on:
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Ingredients, Chemical Analysis and Safety of Marketed Tattoo Ink Stock Products: Photostability and Breakdown Products of Pigments Currently Used in Tattoo InksByUrs Hauri;Urs HauriState Laboratory of Basel-City, Analytical Department, Basel, SwitzerlandSearch for other works by this author on:Christopher HohlChristopher HohlState Laboratory of Basel-City, Analytical Department, Basel, SwitzerlandSearch for other works by this author on:
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Ingredients, Chemical Analysis and Safety of Marketed Tattoo Ink Stock Products: Carbon Black Nanoparticles and Other Problematic Constituents of Black Ink and Their Potential to Harm Tattooed HumansByNicklas Raun Jacobsen;Nicklas Raun JacobsenThe National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, DenmarkSearch for other works by this author on:Per Axel ClausenPer Axel ClausenThe National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, DenmarkSearch for other works by this author on:
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Ingredients, Chemical Analysis and Safety of Marketed Tattoo Ink Stock Products: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion of Tattoo Colorants and Ingredients in Mouse and Man: The Known and the UnknownByWolfgang BäumlerWolfgang BäumlerDepartment of Dermatology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, GermanySearch for other works by this author on:
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Ingredients, Chemical Analysis and Safety of Marketed Tattoo Ink Stock Products: Towards the Limiting of Health Risks Associated with Tattooing: Whitelists for Tattoo Pigments and PreservativesByAnnegret Blume;Annegret BlumeGerman Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemicals and Product Safety, Berlin, GermanySearch for other works by this author on:Thomas Platzek;Thomas PlatzekGerman Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemicals and Product Safety, Berlin, GermanySearch for other works by this author on:Bärbel Vieth;Bärbel ViethGerman Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemicals and Product Safety, Berlin, GermanySearch for other works by this author on:Christoph Hutzler;Christoph HutzlerGerman Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemicals and Product Safety, Berlin, GermanySearch for other works by this author on:Andreas LuchAndreas LuchGerman Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemicals and Product Safety, Berlin, GermanySearch for other works by this author on:
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Ingredients, Chemical Analysis and Safety of Marketed Tattoo Ink Stock Products: Survey of Studies on Microbial Contamination of Marketed Tattoo InksByLucia BonadonnaLucia BonadonnaNational Institute of Health, Rome, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:
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Regulation of and Intervention in the Tattoo Business: The European Landscape of National Regulations of Tattoo Inks and BusinessesByPeter Laux;Peter LauxGerman Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemicals and Product Safety, Berlin, GermanySearch for other works by this author on:Andreas LuchAndreas LuchGerman Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemicals and Product Safety, Berlin, GermanySearch for other works by this author on:
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Regulation of and Intervention in the Tattoo Business: Implementation of European Council Resolution ResAP(2008)1 in Italy. National and Regional Regulation of Tattoo Practices: Diversity and ChallengesByAlberto Renzoni;Alberto RenzoniaNational Centre ONDICO, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, and bMinistry of Economic Development, Rome, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:Antonia Pirrera;Antonia PirreraaNational Centre ONDICO, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, and bMinistry of Economic Development, Rome, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:Francesco Novello;Francesco NovelloaNational Centre ONDICO, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, and bMinistry of Economic Development, Rome, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:Maria Simonetta Diamante;Maria Simonetta DiamanteaNational Centre ONDICO, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, and bMinistry of Economic Development, Rome, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:Carmine GuarinoCarmine GuarinoaNational Centre ONDICO, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, and bMinistry of Economic Development, Rome, ItalySearch for other works by this author on:
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Regulation of and Intervention in the Tattoo Business: EU Actions to Ensure the Safety of Tattoos and the Protection of ConsumersByAna María Blass RicoAna María Blass RicoEuropean Commission, Justice and Consumers Directorate General Unit Product and Service Safety, Brussels, BelgiumSearch for other works by this author on:
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Regulation of and Intervention in the Tattoo Business: Surveillance of Tattoo-Related Adverse Events by the EU RAPEX System and by National MonitoringByCécile VerdierCécile VerdierNon-Clinical Assessor, Industrial Biology Engineer and Master Degree in Toxicology, Marines, FranceSearch for other works by this author on:
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Regulation of and Intervention in the Tattoo Business: The Amsterdam Model for Control of Tattoo Parlours and BusinessesByThijs VeenstraThijs VeenstraNational Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsSearch for other works by this author on:
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Regulation of and Intervention in the Tattoo Business: Hygiene Standards for TattooistsByAndy SchmidtAndy Schmidt2nd Chairman DOT e.V., Willich-Neersen, GermanySearch for other works by this author on:
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Regulation of and Intervention in the Tattoo Business: Hygiene Standards in the Tattoo Parlour and Practices for Prevention of InfectionByJens Bergström;Jens BergströmaTattoo Artist, Head Chairman of SRT, Founder of Tattoo and Piercing Education Scandinavia, Åkersberga, bTattoo Artist, Editor of the SRT book, Board member of SRT, Helsingborg, SwedenSearch for other works by this author on:Max BodlundMax BodlundaTattoo Artist, Head Chairman of SRT, Founder of Tattoo and Piercing Education Scandinavia, Åkersberga, bTattoo Artist, Editor of the SRT book, Board member of SRT, Helsingborg, SwedenSearch for other works by this author on:
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Regulation of and Intervention in the Tattoo Business: Seamless Prevention of Adverse Events from Tattooing: Integrated Strategy Emphasising the Customer-Tattooist InteractionByJørgen SerupJørgen SerupBispebjerg University Hospital, Department of Dermatology, the ‘Tattoo Clinic', Copenhagen, DenmarkSearch for other works by this author on:
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Regulation of and Intervention in the Tattoo Business: Regulation of Tattoo Ink Production and the Tattoo Business in the USByI.M. Haugh;I.M. HaughaDermatology Department, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill., bChicago, Ill., USASearch for other works by this author on:S.L. Laumann;S.L. LaumannaDermatology Department, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill., bChicago, Ill., USASearch for other works by this author on:Anne E. LaumannAnne E. LaumannaDermatology Department, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill., bChicago, Ill., USASearch for other works by this author on: