...Erik R. Duboué; Richard L. Borowsky; Alex C. Keene Sleep is a fundamental behavior exhibited almost universally throughout the animal kingdom. The required amount and circadian timing of sleep differs greatly between species in accordance with habitats and evolutionary history. The Mexican blind...

... characterized as an activity-inactivity cycle. The absence of electrophysiological signs of sleep in the tortoise conforms with the hypothesis that the complete physiological and behavioral manifestations of sleep are unique to homeotherms. 1 4 2008 © 1973 S. Karger AG, Basel 1973 Copyright...

... days. Behavioral response latencies during behavioral wakefulness and behavioral sleep were evaluated.Four characteristic postures described the behavior of lizards: (1) limbs flexed and supporting body, head and neck elevated, eyes open (active waking); (2) posture similar to above, but with body...

... days. Behavioral response latencies during behavioral wakefulness and behavioral sleep were evaluated.Four characteristic postures described the behavior of lizards: (1) limbs flexed and supporting body, head and neck elevated, eyes open (active waking); (2) posture similar to above, but with body...

...Harold Zepelin; Allan Rechtschaffen Based on data for 53 mammalian species reported in the literature, statistical analyses revealed that daily sleep quotas correlate positively with metabolic rate and negatively with maximum life span and brain weight. Sleep cycle length correlates positively...

...Harold Zepelin; Allan Rechtschaffen Based on data for 53 mammalian species reported in the literature, statistical analyses revealed that daily sleep quotas correlate positively with metabolic rate and negatively with maximum life span and brain weight. Sleep cycle length correlates positively...

...R.J. Berger; J.M. Walker Polygraphic activity was recorded and behavioral observations made during spontaneous sleep and wakefulness in six tree shrews (Tupaia glis). Four distinct states could be distinguished: (1) Wakefulness; characterized by behavioral activity or a standing posture when still...

...K.M. Hartse; A. Rechtschaffen Preliminary pharmacological studieshave suggested that the most prominent electroencephalographic events of mammalian slow-wave sleep (SWS) – slow waves and spindles – and the most prominent electroencephalographic feature of reptilian sleep – a high voltage (up to 200...

...H. Van Twyver; T. Allison The echidna, an egg-laying mammal with alow (31–33 °C) body temperature, does not show paradoxical sleep (PS). The purpose of this study was to determine whether PS can occur at low body temperatures in a placental mammal. The nine-banded armadillo is a species reputed...

... responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Sleep Electroencephalogram Ventral hippocampus Amphetamine Nembutal Alpha-methyl-tyrosine Parachlorphenylalanine Tortoise Cat Brain Behav...

...Sam H. Ridgway Studies of sleep in cetaceans (whales, dolphins, and porpoises), substantiated by electrophysiological data, are rare with the great majority of observations having been made by one group from Russia. This group employed hard-wired recording with low-noise cables for their EEG...

... creates a hiatus in the continuous antero-posterior aggregation of cholinergic neurons seen in other tetrapods. This hiatus might be functionally related to the phenomenology of monotreme sleep and to the ontogeny of sleep in mammals, as juvenile placental mammals exhibit a similar combination of sleep...

..., the catecholaminergic system of monotremes is very similar to that of other mammals. Catecholaminergic neurons outside these nuclei, such as those reported for other mammals, were not numerous with occasional cells observed in the striatum. It seems unlikely that differences in the sleep phenomenology of monotremes...

... Serotonin Evolution Sleep The serotonergic system is thought to be involved in many different and varying behavioral and physiological actions. However, despite this diversity the serotonergic system is not unconditionally necessary for any of these functions [Jacobs and Azmitia, 1992]. Thus...