..., 2008], it had been assumed that the complex organization of the basal ganglia arose with the appearance of amniotes during evolution (reptiles, birds, and mammals). In a series of studies exploring the connectivity, neurochemistry, and development of the basal ganglia [Marín et al., 1997a, 1997b, 1997c...

..., while selection pressures acting on body size, which are among the most prevalent in nature, are rarely acknowledged, leading to conflicting and confusing conclusions. We address these problems by comparing brain-body relationships from across >1,000 species of birds and non-avian reptiles. Relative...

... and mylencephalon, which are not easily distinguished in reptiles). It is at this level that evidence for both mosaic and concerted brain evolution has been found in avian reptiles [Iwaniuk et al., 2004] and proposed in squamate reptiles [Platel, 1976]. We measured the phylogenetic signal with Blomberg's K...

... differentiation Reptile NADPH diaphorase Lizard Cortex All the layers in T. hispidus MC and DMC had NADPHd+ neurons, except the MC-CL. Heavily stained neurons were mostly bipolar or multipolar (Fig. 1 b, c). The morphology of lightly stained neurons could not be determined, since only their somata...

...Alice Schade Powers Studies of the relationship between behavioral plasticity and new cells in the adult brain in amphibians and reptiles are sparse but demonstrate that environmental and hormonal variables do have an effect on the amount of cell proliferation and/or migration. The variables...

... the brain, our data show that seasonal changes in cell migration into the parenchyma are region specific. In red-sided garter snakes and other reptiles, the dorsal and medial cortex is important for spatial navigation and memory, whereas the nucleus sphericus, septal nucleus, and preoptic area/hypothalamus...

... neuroanatomy Habitat complexity Reptile A primary goal in describing habitat complexity is to do so at a scale relevant to the biology of the species [Huston, 1994]. Therefore, an informative description of habitat complexity must take into account the morphology and behavior of the species and how...

... additional evidence supporting the hypothesis that concerted brain evolution might result from a conserved pattern of brain development common to all vertebrates. More generally, our findings highlight the necessity of further studies of brain evolution in reptiles as they can provide valuable insights...

... placed on an animal. The medial and dorsal cortices of the telencephalon of squamate reptiles have been implicated as functional homologues to the hippocampus. This study sought to experimentally manipulate the navigational demands placed on free-ranging northern Pacific rattlesnakes (Crotalus o...

... studied, whereas Ov seems to be restricted to diapsid vertebrates. Moreover, our data suggest that a unimodal visual projection to the telencephalon (arising from the GLD) first appeared in reptiles by segregation from a limbic (multimodal) thalamo-telencephalic pathway. 4 6 2010 Dorsal...

... and other galliform birds. To this end, we examined embryonic brains of several avian species (emus, parrots, songbirds, waterfowl, galliform birds), reptiles (3 lizard species, alligators, turtles) and a monotreme (platypuses). Brain region volumes were estimated from serial Nissl-stained sections. We...

... system in reptiles is comparatively limited, with a small number of published studies examining neural AVT systems in lizards, turtles, and snakes [Bons, 1983; Stoll and Voorn, 1985; Thepen et al., 1987; Fernandez-Llebrez et al., 1988; Smeets et al., 1990; Mancera et al., 1991; Propper et al., 1992a, b...

...W. Riss; R.A. Pedersen; J.S. Jakway; C.B. Ware A reptile has been found with corticaldevelopment intermediate between that of other reptiles and that of mammals. The reptile, a side-necked turtle, shows evidence of considerably more corticothalamic relationships than other reptiles. The usefulness...

..., quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Reptile Lizard Sexual behavior Differentiation Sexual dimorphism Brain...

... J.A.J. Smeets, Alien J. Jonker Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Key Words. PNMT Immunohistochemistry Lizard Reptile Adrenaline Catecholamine Brain Abstract. The distribution of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT)-immunoreactive...

.... The results indicate that the distribution of ChAT-positive somata in the telencephalon in reptiles is comparable to that in mammals; however, the relation of cholinergic somata and ChAT-positive neuropil seen in the striatum of G. gecko is different from that in mammals. Brain Behav Evol 1990;36:378-390 ©...

... of whether they courted or not) showed widespread, non-specific increases in 2-DG uptake relative to males not exposed to females. The results indicate the utility of the 2-DG technique for studying complex, species-typical behaviors in vertebrates. Reptile 2-Deoxyglucose Sexual behavior Preoptic area...

... Serotonin Epinephrine Dopamine Norepinephrine Reptile Hindbrain Dominant Subordinate Differential activation Electrode array HPLC © 1995 S. Karger AG, Basel 1995 Copyright / Drug Dosage / Disclaimer Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other...

... studied, whereas Ov seems to be restricted to diapsid vertebrates. Moreover, our data suggest that a unimodal visual projection to the telencephalon (arising from the GLD) first appeared in reptiles by segregation from a limbic (multimodal) thalamo-telencephalic pathway. Dorsal thalamus Gamma...

... Limbic system Reptile Original Paper Brain ßeliav Evol 1995:46:30-42 Laura L. Bruce Timothy Neary Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine. Creighton University, Omaha, Nebr USA Afferent Projections to the Lateral and Dorsomedial Hypothalamus in a Lizard, Gekko gecko Key Words Lateral...