...Shreyas M. Suryanarayana; Dhananjay Huilgol As the highest center of sensory processing, initiation, and modulation of behavior, the pallium has seen prominent changes during the course of vertebrate evolution, culminating in the emergence of the mammalian isocortex. The processes underlying...

...Thomas Mueller The amygdala, a complex array of nuclei in the forebrain, controls emotions and emotion-related behaviors in vertebrates. Current research aims to understand the amygdala’s evolution in ray-finned fish such as zebrafish because of the region’s relevance for social behavior and human...

... or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Pallium Subpallium Ventral pallium Evolution Radial glia The term “amygdala” was first used by Burdach in the early 19th century because of its almond shape in the human...

... or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Embryo Evolution Brain Evo devo...

...Mackenzie Englund; Leah Krubitzer In the following review, we describe the types of phenotypic changes to the neocortex that occur over the longer time scale of evolution, and over the shorter time scale of an individual lifetime. To understand how phenotypic variability emerges in the neocortex...

.... Sickness behaviors Sociability Evolution Microglia When an individual is infected with a pathogen (disease-causing agent), the body mounts a defense along multiple dimensions to most effectively deal with the threat. In addition to immune responses such as antibody production, inflammation...

... communication Anura Evolution Polyploidy CNS Polyploidy is a major source of variation in genome size because it results in the duplication of entire sets of chromosomes; moreover, there is a strong and direct relationship between ploidy level and total DNA between tetraploid species and the diploid...

...(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Elasmobranchs Sharks Telencephalon Pallium Development Evolution The amygdala or amygdalar complex...

...Sara Jiménez; Nerea Moreno Cajal-Retzius cells are essential for cortical development in mammals, and their involvement in the evolution of this structure has been widely postulated, but very little is known about their progenitor domains in non-mammalian vertebrates. Using in situhybridization...

... of over half a billion years of vertebrate evolution. A distinct feature of the mammalian pallium is the presence of laminated structures. The neocortex has a six-layered laminated architecture in its sensory areas but also granular areas. Fig. 3. Cell types in the lamprey pallium/cortex...

..., instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Neocortex Pallium Evolution Olfaction Lamprey The two of us recently wrote a book called Brains Through Time: A Natural History of Vertebrates [Striedter and Northcutt, 2020] in which we reviewed diverse aspects...

.... Addiction Reward Evolution Nicotine Homology Substance use disorder (SUD), or “addiction” in its severest form, is a debilitating and chronic brain disorder with an enormous social and economic toll. Manifesting as compulsive search for and consumption of a substance despite negative...

... Behavioral evolution Brain Evolution Neuroethology Jewel wasp Motor control Sting Active sensing The epic battle between the jewel wasp and the American cockroach ( Periplaneta americana ) was first described in detail by the entomologist Francis Williams in 1942 [Williams, 1942], and since...

... to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Evolution Dark-flies Sensory systems Brain Artificial selection Drosophila Animals have evolved a large array of sensory systems in order to make sense...

... and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Model Diversity Brain Behavior Evolution With renewed recognition of the value of addressing neuroscience...

... are absent, radically different, or difficult to assess in other species. Evolutionary perspectives help to articulate and address these challenges. Darwin’s description of “descent with modification” points to two aspects of evolution that can help us assess the matching between a prospective model species...

.... Animal behavior Cichlid Endocrinology Evolution Genetics Genome sequencing Neuroethology Reproductive behavior Transcriptomics Transgenesis For such a large number of problems there will be some animal of choice or a few such animals on which it can be most conveniently studied. August...

... to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Cockroach Evolution Insects Mechanosensation Wasps Parasitoid Defense Escape response The “zombification” of the American cockroach ( Periplaneta americana...

...David C. Van Essen; Chad J. Donahue; Matthew F. Glasser Cerebral cortex and cerebellar cortex both vary enormously across species in their size and complexity of convolutions. We discuss the development and evolution of cortical structures in terms of anatomy and functional organization. We propose...

... to demonstrate how evolution caused a common neuronal substrate to adapt to different functions, one for the detection of external water stimuli and the generation of sensory maps and the other for the detection of self-motion and the generation of motor commands for immediate behavioral reactions...