.... songbirds: t (720) = 5.66, p < 0.001; galliforms versus parrots: t (720) = 4.68, p < 0.001; λ = 0.842). Thus, the difference in relative brain size between galliform birds and the other two avian groups increases with body size. Because they have smaller brains and lower average neuronal...

..., and sensory perception [ 5 , 10‒15 ]. Differences in brain morphology (brain size and the proportional size of brain regions) have been linked to differences in ecological characteristics both between [ 16‒21 ] and within species [ 22‒27 ]. Further, brain morphology can be influenced by both genetic...

... evolutionary comparisons. Here, we adopt a complementary strategy leveraging within-population variation in fish brain size to ask how variation in social and environmental factors correlates with individual brain size. Methods: We investigated how overall brain size and brain part sizes varied between demes...

... or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. 2023 Artificial selection Brain size Motivation Plasticity Voluntary exercise...

...Jeff Morgan Stibel Brain size evolution in hominins constitutes a crucial evolutionary trend, yet the underlying mechanisms behind those changes are not well understood. Here, climate change is considered as an environmental factor using multiple paleoclimate records testing temperature, humidity...

...Zegni Triki; Mélisande Aellen; Carel P. van Schaik; Redouan Bshary Scientists have long struggled to establish how larger brains translate into higher cognitive performance across species. While absolute brain size often yields high predictive power of performance, its positive correlation...

...Jeff Morgan Stibel Growth in human brain size and encephalization is well documented throughout much of prehistory and believed to be responsible for increasing cognitive faculties. Over the past 50,000 years, however, both body size and brain mass have decreased but little is known about...

... if colony size correlates with measures of foraging behavior and brain size in dolichoderine ants. We present data from 3 species ranked by colony size. Our results suggest colony size correlates with measures of exploratory behavior and brain investment, with small-colony ants showing higher exploratory...

...Enrique Font; Roberto García-Roa; Daniel Pincheira-Donoso; Pau Carazo Body size correlates with most structural and functional components of an organism’s phenotype – brain size being a prime example of allometric scaling with animal size. Therefore, comparative studies of brain evolution...

...Michael D. Mann; Lawrence G. Frank; Stephen E. Glickman; Arnold L. Towe The relationship between brain size and body size across species “from mouse to elephant” is described by a function of positive slope. Almost uniformly, the relationship between brain size and body size within a species has...

... to other sensory brain areas, while the relative size of the optic tectum is reduced [Brandstätter and Kotrschal, 1990]. Allometry Brain size Cartilaginous fish Cerebellum Cerebellar foliation Elasmobranch Olfactory bulb Ontogenetic shifts Most fishes exhibit indeterminate growth...

... little is known, however, about the extent of interspecific variation in relative brain size in these fishes, as previous studies have focused on only a few species, even though lampreys exhibit a variety of life history traits. While some species are parasitic as adults, with varying feeding behaviors...

... significantly. The Balaenidae have the smallest relative brain mass and the lowest cerebral cortex surface area. Brain parts also vary. Relative to body mass and to body length, dolphins also have the largest cerebellums. Cortex surface area is isometric with brain size when we exclude the Balaenidae. Our data...

... by analyzing the residuals and applying a Wilcoxon statistical test. Evolution Allometry Cortical expansion Numbers of neurons Glia/neuron ratio Marsupials Brain size What are the rules that govern how numbers of cells and cell size vary within brain regions in the evolution...

... determined for each piece across the cortical sheet using flow cytometry. Primary visual cortex had the most densely packed neurons and primary motor cortex had the least densely packed neurons. With respect to differences in brain size between cases, there was little variability in the total cell and neuron...

...Ferran Sayol; Louis Lefebvre; Daniel Sol Despite growing interest in the evolution of enlarged brains, the biological significance of brain size variation remains controversial. Much of the controversy is over the extent to which brain structures have evolved independently of each other (mosaic...

...(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Brain size Mammals Evolution Number of neurons Number of glia The availability of datasets on mammalian brains...

...Vera Weisbecker; Simon Blomberg; Anne W. Goldizen; Meredeth Brown; Diana Fisher Evolutionary increases in mammalian brain size relative to body size are energetically costly but are also thought to confer selective advantages by permitting the evolution of cognitively complex behaviors. However...

... found that display complexity positively predicts relative brain weight (adjusted for body size) after controlling for phylogeny in 12 manakin species and a closely related flycatcher. This evidence suggests that brain size has evolved in response to sexual selection to facilitate aspects of display...

...Dovid Y. Kozlovsky; Shelby L. Brown; Carrie L. Branch; Timothy C. Roth II; Vladimir V. Pravosudov The factors leading to the evolution of large brain size remain controversial. Brains are metabolically expensive and larger brains demand higher maintenance costs. The expensive-tissue hypothesis...