..., while selection pressures acting on body size, which are among the most prevalent in nature, are rarely acknowledged, leading to conflicting and confusing conclusions. We address these problems by comparing brain-body relationships from across >1,000 species of birds and non-avian reptiles. Relative...

... responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Starling Brain Avian hippocampus Bird Telencephalon Spatial memory Invasive species Ecology To succeed in new, challenging...

...Thomas J. Lisney; Douglas R. Wylie; Jeffrey Kolominsky; Andrew N. Iwaniuk Hummingbirds are a group of small, highly specialized birds that display a range of adaptations to their nectarivorous lifestyle. Vision plays a key role in hummingbird feeding and hovering behaviours, yet very little...

... responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Androgen Area X Bird HVc immunohistochemisry neuroendocrinology Neurogenesis National Institutes of Health (NIH) 10.13039/100000002...

..., instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Optic tectum Wulst Tectofugal Thalamofugal Bird Eye Habitat Retinal ganglion cell In birds, several studies have shown that differences in activity pattern are correlated with differences in the visual system...

...’ of the habitat of a species. Although these relationships are well documented in many vertebrates including birds, the extent to which they hold true for species within the same avian order is not well understood. Owls (Strigiformes) represent an ideal group for the study of interspecific variation in the avian...

...Christine J. Charvet To date, most studies comparing birds and mammals have focused on the similarities in brain development, architecture and connectivity. However, major differences in size, anatomy and organization exist in the telencephalon of adult birds and mammals. For instance, the septum...

...Christine J. Charvet; Alexis L. Sandoval; Georg F. Striedter Adult galliform birds (e.g. chickens) exhibit a relatively small telencephalon and a proportionately large optic tectum compared with parrots and songbirds. We previously examined the embryonic origins of these adult species differences...

...(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Zebra finch Bird Vasotocin Vasopressin c-fos Testosterone Estradiol Seasonality Bed nucleus of the stria...

... or largely broken. The purpose of this study was to estimate the brain volumes of birds using scant osteological information. Brain volumes were calculated from magnetic resonance or computed tomography images of bird heads from 27 species representing 12 orders. Correlations between brain volume and maximum...

...Hayley K. Kleitz; Charlotte A. Cornil; Jacques Balthazart; Gregory F. Ball Evidence has accumulated that the regulation of male sexual behavior by dopamine might not be the same in Japanese quail (and perhaps all birds) as it is in mammals. For example, the non-selective dopamine receptor agonist...

...Christopher S. von Bartheld The paratympanic organ (Vitali organ) is a small sensory organ in the middle ear of birds. It possesses a sensory epithelium with hair cells similar to those of the inner ear. Injection of fluorescent carbocyanine tracers into the paratympanic organ of 9- to 11-day-old...

... eximius). True Blue or wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase was injected into the lumbar or cervical spinal cord. The distribution of retrogradely labelled cells was similar to that previously reported for non-prehensile birds. We found no evidence of any direct spinal projections from...

...Jeremy R. Corfield; J.Martin Wild; Mark E. Hauber; Stuart Parsons; M.Fabiana Kubke Brain size in vertebrates varies principally with body size. Although many studies have examined the variation of brain size in birds, there is little information on Palaeognaths, which include the ratite lineage...

...Jason A. Neeser; Christopher S. von Bartheld The paratympanic organ (PTO) in the middle ear has been described in numerous bird species, but little is known about the distribution of this presumed lateral line remnant in other vertebrate classes. Here we provide evidence for a PTO in juvenile...

... motor systems, and vice versa. Here, I review the homologies between parts of the avian and mammalian telencephala and explain where the song system nuclei reside in this context. The organization of the song system is then compared to other parts of the avian brain and the brains of nonoscine birds...

...Graham R. Martin; Gadi Katzir Visual fields were determined in alert restrained birds using an ophthalmoscopic reflex technique. The region of binocular overlap is relatively small: maximum width of 20° occurs approximately 15° below the horizontal, and the field extends vertically through 80...

..., instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Retina Ganglion cell Cell density Cell size Bird Chick Four retinas stained with cresyl violet were examined for the distribution, number, and sizes of cells in the GCL (two retinas each from P-1 and P-8). A microscopic...