Lateralization of Feeding Behaviour in White-Fronted Lemur (Eulemur albifrons) and Ring-Tailed Lemur (Lemur catta) in Captivity

Introduction: Functional cerebral asymmetry is reflected in the lateralization of some behavioural patterns in many vertebrate species. In primates, behavioural lateralization has been related to both life style and age and sex, and it affects behaviours such as feeding and other tasks that require precision movements. Methods: We have studied feeding lateralization concerning the use of right and left hand to take the food in two species of lemurs in captivity, the mainly arboreal white-fronted lemur and the more terrestrial ring-tailed lemur, taking also account the age and the sex of the individuals. We calculated for each individual the hand preference (if it was the case) by means of z scores, and the strength of such preference using the handedness index (HI). Finally, we determined for each species the existence of right/left bias at the group level with the t Student test. Results: Half of the white-fronted lemurs (7 of 14) showed lateralization in feeding, while only a few ring-tailed lemurs (3 of 19) showed it. In the first species, a light bias seems to emerge (5 individuals used mostly the right hand for taking the food, while only 2 used mainly the left hand), while in the second species no bias could really be appreciated. Conclusion: Feeding lateralization was more accentuated in white-fronted lemur, in which a light bias towards the use of the right hand seems to be evidenced. No clear effect of age and sex on the presence and direction of lateralization could be evidenced. The results somehow contrast with what the postural theory of lateralization postulates about the preferential use of the right hand in terrestrial species.