Abstract
Evoked potentials to brief 1,000-Hz tones presented to either the left or the right ear were recorded from 30 electrodes arrayed over the head. These recordings were submitted to two different forms of source analysis: brain electric source analysis (BESA) and variable-resolution electromagnetic tomography (VARETA). Both analyses showed that the dominant intracerebral sources for the late auditory-evoked potentials (50–300 ms) were in the supratemporal plane and lateral temporal lobe contralateral to the ear of stimulation. The analyses also suggested the possibility of additional sources in the frontal lobes.
References
1.
Achim A: Cerebral source localization paradigms: Spatiotemporal source modeling. Brain Cogn 1995a;27:256–287.
2.
Achim A: Signal detection in average evoked potentials: Monte Carlo comparison of the sensitivity of different methods. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1995b:96:574–584.
3.
Achim A, Bouchard S: Toward a dynamic topographic components model. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1997;103:381–385.
4.
Achim A, Richer F, Saint-Hilaire JM: Methodological considerations for the evaluation of spatio-temporal source models. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1991;79:227–240.
5.
Alain C, Woods DL, Covarrubias D: Activation of duration-sensitive auditory cortical fields in humans. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1997;104:531–539.
6.
Anderer P, Pascual-Marqui RD, Semlitsch HV, Saletu B: Differential effects of normal aging on sources of standard N1, target N1 and target P300 auditory event-related brain potentials revealed by low resolution electromagnetic tomography. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1998;108:160–174.
7.
Arezzo J, Pickoff A, Vaughan HG: The sources and intracerebral distribution of auditory evoked potentials in the alert rhesus monkey. Brain Res 1975;90:57–73.
8.
Berg P, Scherg M: Brain Electric Source Analysis Handbook. Munich, Megis, 1994.
9.
Celesia GG: Organization of auditory cortical areas in man. Brain 1976;99:403–414.
10.
Cuffin N: EEG localization accuracy improvements using realistically shaped head models. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1996;43:299–303.
11.
Dale AM, Sereno MI: Improved localization of cortical activity by combining EEG and MEG with MRI cortical surface reconstruction: A linear approach. J Cogn Neurosci 1993;5:162–176.
12.
Dewinsky O, Morrell MJ, Vogt BA: Contributions of anterior cingulate cortex to behavior. Brain 1995;118:279–306.
13.
Dien J, Tucker DM, Potts G, Hartry-Speiser A: Localization of auditory evoked potentials related to selective intermodal attention. J Cogn Neurosci 1997;9:799–823.
14.
Evans AC, Collins DL, Mills SR, Brown ED, Kelly RL, Peters TM: 3D statistical neuroanatomical models from 305 MRI volumes. Proc IEEE Nucl Sci Symp Med Imag Conf, 1993, pp 1813–1817.
15.
Fletcher DJ, Amir A, Jewett DL, Fine G: Improved method for computation of potentials in a realistic head shape model. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1995;42:1094–1104.
16.
Georges JS, Aine CJ, Mosher JC, Schmidt DM, Ranken DM, Schlitt HA, Wood CC, Lewine JD, Sanders JA, Belliveau JW: Mapping function in the human brain with magnetoencephalography, anatomical magnetic resonance imaging, and functional magnetic resonance imaging. J Clin Neurophysiol 1995;12:406–431.
17.
Giard MH, Perrin F, Echallier JF, Thevenet M, Froment JC, Pernier J: Dissociation of temporal and frontal components in the human auditory N1 wave: A scalp current density and dipole model analysis. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1994;92:238–252.
18.
Goldberg G: Supplementary motor area structure and function: Review and hypothesis. Behav Brain Sci 1985;8:567–616.
19.
Grave de Peralta Menendez R, Hauk O, Gonzalez Andino S, Vogt H, Michel C: Linear inverse solutions with optimal resolution kernels applied to electromagnetic tomography. Hum Brain Map 1997;5:454–467.
20.
Graziano MSA, Hu XT, Gross CG: Coding the locations of objects in the dark. Science 1997;277:239–241.
21.
Hämäläinen M, Hari R, Ilmoniemi RJ, Knuutila J, Lounasmaa OV: Magnetoencephalography – Theory, instrumentation, and applications to noninvasive studies of the working human brain. Rev Mod Phys 1993;65:413–497.
22.
Hämäläinen M, Ilmoniemi RS: Interpreting Measured Magnetic Fields of the Brain: Estimates of Current Distributions. Report TKK-F-A559. Espoo, Helsinki University of Technology, 1984.
23.
Hämäläinen M, Ilmoniemi RS: Interpreting magnetic field of the brain: Minimum norm estimates. Med Biol Eng Comp 1994;32:35–42.
24.
Hari R: The neuromagnetic method in the study of human auditory cortex; in Grandori F, Hoke M, Romani GL (eds): Auditory-Evoked Magnetic Fields and Electric Potentials. Adv Audiol. Basel, Karger, 1990, vol 6, pp 222–282.
25.
Hari R, Aittoniemi K, Jarvinen M, Katila T, Varpula T: Auditory evoked transient and sustained magnetic fields of the human brain: Localization of neural generators. Exp Brain Res 1980;40:237–240.
26.
Hari R, Kaila K, Katila T, Tuomisto T, Varpula T: Interstimulus interval dependent on the auditory vertex response and its magnetic counterpart: Implications for their neural generation. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1982;54:561–569.
27.
Howard MA, Volkow IO, Mirsky R, Noh MD, Granner M, Abbas P, Damasio H, Steinschneider M, Reale RA, Hind JE, Brugge JF: An auditory field on the posterior superior temporal gyrus of human cerebral cortex. Abstr Soc Neurosci 1997;23:2067.
28.
Hughes JR, Mazurowski JA: Studies on the supracallosal mesial cortex of unanesthetized, conscious mammals. II. Monkey. D. Vertex sharp waves and epileptiform activity. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1964;16:561–574.
29.
Jones SJ, Longe O, Vaz Pato M: Auditory evoked potentials to abrupt pitch and timbre changes of complex tones: Electrophysiological evidence of ‘streaming’? Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1998;108:131–142.
30.
Kim S-G, Richter W, Ugurbil K: Limitations of temporal resolution in functional MRI. Magnet Reson Med 197;37:631–636.
31.
Knight RT, Hillyard SA, Woods DL, Neville HJ: The effects of frontal and temporal-parietal lesions on the auditory evoked potential in man. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1980;50:112–124.
32.
Knight RT, Scabini D, Woods DL, Clayworth C: The effects of lesions of superior temporal gyrus and inferior parietal lobe on temporal and vertex components of the human AEP. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1988;70:499–509.
33.
Knösche TR, Berends EM, Jagers HRA, Peters MJ: Determining the number of independent sources of the EEG: A simulation study on information criteria. Brain Topogr, in press.
34.
Kwong KK: Functional magnetic resonance imaging with echo planar imaging. Magnet Reson Q 1995;11:1–20.
35.
Liégeois-Chauvel C, Musolino A, Badier JM, Marquis P, Chauvel P: Evoked potentials recorded from the auditory cortex in man: Evaluation and topography of the middle latency components. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1994;92:204–214.
36.
Lütkenhöner B, Pantev C, Hoke M: Comparison between different methods to approximate an area of the human head by a sphere; in Grandori F, Hoke M, Romani GL: Auditory-Evoked Magnetic Fields and Electric Potentials. Adv Audiol. Basel, Karger, 1990, vol 6, pp 165–193.
37.
McCallum WC, Curry SH: Hemisphere differences in event related potentials and CNVs associated with monaural stimuli and lateralized motor responses; in Lehmann D, Callaway E (eds): Human Evoked Potentials: Applications and Problems. New York, Plenum Press, 1979, pp 235–250.
38.
Mazziotta JC, Toga A, Evans AC, Fox P, Lancaster J: A probabilistic atlas of the human brain: Theory and rationale for its development. Neuroimage 1995;2:89–101.
39.
Menon RS,Luknowsky DC, Gati JS: Mental chronometry using latency-resolved functional magnetic resonance imaging. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, in press.
40.
Möcks J: Topographic components model for event-related potentials and some biophysical considerations. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1988;35:141–143.
41.
Morel A, Kaas JH: Subdivisions and connections of auditory cortex in owl monkeys. J Comp Neurol 1992;318:27–63.
42.
Müller MM, Picton TW, Valdes-Sosa P, Riera J, Teder-Sälejärvi WA, Hillyard SA: Effects of spatial selective attention in the steady-state visual evoked potential in the 20–28 Hz range. Cogn Brain Res 1998.
43.
Näätänen R, Picton TW: The N1 wave of the human electric and magnetic response to sound: A review and an analysis of the component structure. Psychophysiology 1987;24:375–425.
44.
Pantev C, Bertrand O, Eulitz C, Verkindt C, Hampson S, Schuierer G, Elbert T: Specific tonotopic organizations of different areas of the human auditory cortex revealed by simultanoues magnetic and electric recordings. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1995;94:26–40.
45.
Pantev C, Ross B, Berg P, Elbert T, Rockstroh B: Study of the human auditory cortices using a whole head magnetometer: Left vs right hemisphere and ipsilateral vs contralateral stimulation. Audiol Neurootol 1998;3:183–190.
46.
Pascual-Marqui RD, Michel CM, Lehmann D: Low resolution electromagnetic tomography: A new method for localizing electrical activity in the brain. Int J Psychophysiol 1994;18:49–65.
47.
Penhune VB, Zatorre RJ, MacDonald JD, Evans AC: Interhemispheric anatomical differences in human primary auditory cortex: Probabilistic mapping and volume measurement from magnetic resonance scans. Cereb Cortex 1996;6:661–672.
48.
Perrin F, Pernier J, Bertrand O, Echallier JF: Spherical splines for scalp potential and current density mapping. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1989;72:184–187. Corrigendum Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1989;76:565.
49.
Picton TW, Lins O, Scherg M: The recording and analysis of event-related potentials; in Johnson R (ed): Handbook of Neuropsychology: Event-Related Potentials and Cognition. Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1995, vol 10, pp 3–73.
50.
Rademacher J, Caviness VS, Steinmetz H, Galaburda AM: Topographical variation of the human primary cortices: Implications for neuroimaging, brain mapping, and neurobiology. Cerebral Cortex 1993;3:313–329.
51.
Richer F, Alain C, Achim A, Bouvier G, Saint-Hilaire JM: Intracerebral amplitude distributions of the auditory evoked potential. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1989;74:202–208.
52.
Riera YJ, Fuentes ME: Electric lead field for a piecewise homogeneous volume conductor model of the head. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1998;45:746–753.
53.
Rizzolatti G, Fadiga L, Fogassi L, Gallese V: The space around us. Science 1997;1277:190–191.
54.
Rubens AG, Mahowald M, Hutton T: Asymmetry of the lateral fissures in man. Neurology 1976;26:620–624.
55.
Scherg M: Fundamentals of dipole source potential analysis; in Grandori F, Hoke M, Romani GL (eds): Auditory-Evoked Magnetic Fields and Electric Potentials. Adv Audiol. Basel, Karger, 1990, vol 6, pp 40–69.
56.
Scherg M, Berg P: New concepts of brain source imaging and localization. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol Suppl 1996;46:127–137.
57.
Scherg M, von Cramon D: A new interpretation of the generators of BAEP waves I–V: Results of a spatio-temporal dipole model. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1985;62:290–299.
58.
Scherg M, von Cramon D: Evoked dipole source components of the human auditory cortex. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1986;65:344–360.
59.
Scherg M, von Cramon D: Dipole source potentials of the auditory cortex in normal subjects and patients with temporal lobe lesions; in Grandori F, Hoke M, Romani GL (eds): Auditory-Evoked Magnetic Fields and Electric Potentials. Adv Audiol. Basel, Karger, 1990, vol 6, pp 165–193.
60.
Scherg M, Picton TW: Separation and identification of event-related potential components by brain electric source analysis. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol Suppl 1991;42:24–37.
61.
Scherg M, Vajsar J, Picton TW: A source analysis of the late human auditory evoked potentials. J Cogn Neurosci 1989;1:336–355.
62.
Steinmetz H, Rademacher J, Jäncke L, Huang Y, Thron A, Zilles K: Total surface of temporoparietal intrasylvian cortex: Diverging left-right asymmetries. Brain Lang 1990;39:357–372.
63.
Steinschneider M, Arezzo J, Vaughan HG: Phase-locked cortical responses to a human speech sound and low-frequency tones in the monkey. Brain Res 1980;198:75–84.
64.
Talairach J, Tournoux P: Coplanar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain. New York, Thieme Medical, 1988.
65.
Towle VL, Bolanos J, Suarez D, Tan K, Grzeszczuk R, Levin DN, Cakmur R, Frank SA, Spire JP: The spatial location of EEG electrodes: Locating the best-fitting sphere relative to cortical anatomy. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1993;86:1–6.
66.
Trujillo NJ, Valdes PA, Bosch J: Fast transform methods for regularized EEG/MEG inverse solutions. Neuroimage 1998;7:S637.
67.
Valdes P, Picton T, Trujillo N, Bosch J, Aubert E, Riera J, Biscay R, Carbonell F, Barroso E, Fernandez A, Evans A: Constraining EEG-MEG source imaging with statistical neuroanatomy. Neuroimage 1998;7:S635.
68.
Valdes-Sosa P, Marti F, Garcia F, Casanova R: Variable resolution electric-magnetic tomography; in Aine C, Okada Y, Stroink G, Swithenby S, Wood C (eds): Advances in Biomagnetism Research. Biomag 96. New York, Springer, in press.
69.
Verkindt C, Bertrand O, Perrin F, Echallier J-F, Pernier J: Tonotopic organization of the human auditory cortex: N100 topography and multiple dipole model analysis. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1995;96:143–156.
70.
Witelson SF, Kigar DL: Sylvian fissure morphology and asymmetry in men and women: Bilateral differences in relation to handedness in men. J Comp Neurol 1992;323:326–340.
71.
Wolpaw JR, Penry JK: A temporal component of the auditory evoked response. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1975;39:609–620.
72.
Wood CC, Wolpaw JR: Scalp distribution of human auditory evoked potentials. II. Evidence for overlapping sources and involvement of auditory cortex. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1982;54:25–38.
73.
Woods DL: The physiological basis of selective attention: Implications of event-related potential studies; in Rohrbaugh JW, Parasuraman R, Johnson R (eds): Event-Related Brain Potentials: Basic Issues and Applications. New York, Oxford University Press, 1990, pp 178–209.
74.
Woods DL: The component structure of the N1 wave of the human auditory evoked potential. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol Suppl 1995;44:102–109.
75.
Woods DL, Clayworth CC: Click spatial position influences middle latency auditory evoked potentials. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1985;60:122–129.
76.
Woods DL, Clayworth CC, Knight RT, Simpson GV, Naeser NA: Generators of middle and long-latency auditory evoked potentials: Implications from studies of patients with bitemporal lesions. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1987;68:132–148.
77.
Worsley KJ, Marrett S, Neelin P, Vandal AC, Friston KJ, Evans AC: A unifed statistical approach for determining significant signals in images of cerebral activation. Hum Brain Map 1995;4:58–73.
78.
Zatorre RJ, Evans AC, Meyer E: Neural mechanisms underlying melodic perception and memory for pitch. J Neurosci 1994;14:1908–1919.
79.
Zatorre RJ, Evans AC, Meyer E, Gjedde A: Lateralization of phonetic and pitch discrimination in speech processing. Science 1992;256:846–849.
1999
Copyright / Drug Dosage / Disclaimer
Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.
Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.
You do not currently have access to this content.