Background: Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) is involved in the formation of senile plaques in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and causes neuronal cell death by inducing oxidative stress. Objective: We investigated the protective effect of Eremostachys labiosiformis extract against the Aβ-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. Methods: Methanolic extract from the aerial parts of E. labiosiformis was prepared by percolation method at room temperature. SH-SY5Y cells were treated and incubated with different concentrations of the extract for 1 h, before addition of Aβ. Cytotoxicity was measured 24 h after the addition of Aβ to the medium using MTT and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays. Effective doses were evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction to evaluate expression of miR-212 and miR-132. The results were analyzed using SPSS software (16). Results: Exposure of -SH-SY5Y cells to Aβ significantly affected the viability of cells and increased ROS levels. The results revealed that 1.2 and 2.5 μg/mL of the E. labiosiformis extract reduced Aβ-induced deterioration. Only 2.5 μg/mL of the extract could reduce ROS levels. In addition, 5 μg/mL of the extract increased the expression of the miRNAs, which was reduced after exposure to Aβ. Conclusion: Based on the antioxidant and protective effects of the E. labiosiformis extract on expression of miR-132 and miR-212 and ROS level, this herb could be used as a suitable candidate for future studies on neurodegenerative diseases including AD.

1.
Morris JC, Storandt M, Miller JP, McKeel DW, Price JL, Rubin EH, et al: Mild cognitive impairment represents early-stage Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol 2001; 58: 397–405.
2.
Huang Y, Mucke L: Alzheimer mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Cell 2012; 148: 1204–1222.
3.
Bamberger ME, Landreth GE: Inflammation, apoptosis, and Alzheimer’s disease. Neuroscientist 2002; 8: 276–283.
4.
Cameron B, Landreth GE: Inflammation, microglia, and Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiol Dis 2010; 37: 503–509.
5.
Mancuso C, Bates TE, Butterfield DA, Calafato S, Cornelius C, De Lorenzo A, et al: Natural antioxidants in Alzheimer’s disease. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2007; 16: 1921–1931.
6.
Miranda S, Opazo C, Larrondo LF, Munoz FJ, Ruiz F, Leighton F, et al: The role of oxidative stress in the toxicity induced by amyloid beta-peptide in Alzheimer’s disease. Prog Neurobiol 2000; 62: 633–648.
7.
Surh YJ: Cancer chemoprevention with dietary phytochemicals. Nat Rev Cancer 2003; 3: 768–780.
8.
Maes OC, Chertkow HM, Wang E, Schipper HM: MicroRNA: implications for Alzheimer disease and other human CNS disorders. Curr Genomics 2009; 10: 154–168.
9.
Delay C, Mandemakers W, Hébert SS: MicroRNAs in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiol Dis 2012; 46: 285–290.
10.
Bourgaud F, Gravot A, Milesi S, Gontier E: Production of plant secondary metabolites: a historical perspective. Plant Sci 2001; 161: 839–851.
11.
Vahedi H, Lari J, Halimi M, Nasrabadi M: Chemical composition of Eremostachys labiosiformis growing wild in Iran and antimicrobial activities against phytopathogenic bacteria. Chem Nat Compounds 2013; 49: 958–960.
12.
Kalvandi R, Safai KK, Najafi G, Babakhanlou P: Identification of medicinal plants of Hamedan province. Iran J Med Aromatic Plants 2007; 23: 350–355.
13.
Zamani Taghizadeh Rabe S, Mahmoudi M, Ahmadsimab H, Zamani Taghizadeh Rabe SS, Emami Ahmad, et al: Investigation of the biological activity of methanol extract from Eremostachys labiosa Bunge. Food Agric Immunol 2014; 25: 578–585.
14.
Huang Y, Shen XJ, Zou Q, Wang SP, Tang SM, Zhang GZ, et al: Biological functions of microRNAs: a review. J Physiol Biochem 2011; 67: 129–139.
15.
Wong HK, Veremeyko T, Patel N, Lemere CA, Walsh DM, Esau C, et al: De-repression of FOXO3a death axis by microRNA-132 and -212 causes neuronal apoptosis in Alzheimer’s disease. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22: 3077–3092.
16.
Kim J, Lee HJ, Lee KW: Naturally occurring phytochemicals for the prevention of Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurochem 2010; 112: 1415–1430.
17.
Liu RH: Health benefits of fruit and vegetables are from additive and synergistic combinations of phytochemicals. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 78(3 Suppl): 517S–520S.
18.
Howes MJ, Perry E: The role of phytochemicals in the treatment and prevention of dementia. Drugs Aging 2011; 28: 439–468.
19.
Smith PY, Hernandez-Rapp J, Jolivette F, Lecours C, Bisht K, Goupil C, et al: miR-132/212 deficiency impairs tau metabolism and promotes pathological aggregation in vivo. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24: 6721–6735.
20.
Wanet A, Tacheny A, Arnould T, Renard P: miR-212/132 expression and functions: within and beyond the neuronal compartment. Nucleic Acids Res 2012; 40: 4742–4753.
21.
Hernandez-Rapp J, Rainone S, Goupil C, Dorval V, Smith PY, Saint-Pierre M, et al: -microRNA-132/212 deficiency enhances Aβ production and senile plaque deposition in Alzheimer’s disease triple transgenic mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6: 30953.
Copyright / Drug Dosage / Disclaimer
Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.
Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.
You do not currently have access to this content.