En los últimos años los datos han demostrado de qué manera el bienestar vitalicio depende considerablemente del crecimiento y el desarrollo intrauterinos durante la vida dentro del útero. El crecimiento fetal puede alcanzar únicamente su potencial íntegro mediante una interacción adecuada y armonizada entre la madre, la placenta y el feto. Este delicado equilibrio puede ser alterado por varios factores ambientales y maternos, como la dieta, la composición corporal y la situación endocrina maternas. Por otra parte, la función y el metabolismo de la placenta contribuyen y regulan la disponibilidad de nutrientes fetales. Los cambios en este mecanismo complejo pueden comprometer el desenlace del embarazo. En este capítulo pretendemos aclarar los mecanismos fisiológicos que regulan esta interacción y de qué modo, incluso pequeñas modificaciones pueden predisponer a patologías como la limitación del crecimiento intrauterino y la diabetes gravídica, con importantes consecuencias sobre la salud fetal y adulta.

Keywords:
Crecimiento fetal, Nutrición fetal, Embarazo, Metabolismo, Transporte placentario
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© 2010 Nestec Ltd., Vevey/S. Karger AG, Basel
2010
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