Background and Aims: The study investigated satiation and satiety following intake of starch-rich side dishes representing a range of glycemic indices (GIs). Methods: Twelve normal-weight (BMI = 22.4 ± SD 2.0) participants (6 male, 6 female, 22–30 years) received one of four side dishes or white bread (GI reference) in randomized order on five mornings, followed by an ad libitum lunch. Blood draws prior to test meal and during the 2 h before lunch measured plasma glucose and insulin concentrations. GI was calculated from glucose incremental area under the curve (AUC). Hunger, fullness, desire to eat and prospective consumption were rated just before blood draws. Results: No significant difference was found in hunger or fullness AUCs between test meals. Both potato meals yielded lower desire to eat compared to pasta throughout the 2-hour period (p = 0.002). Total lunch energy intake did not differ. No significant correlations were found between test meal GI and ratings of hunger, fullness or energy intake at lunch meal. Conclusions: GI of energy-equivalent test meals did not predict satiety or lunch meal intake. There was evidence of reduced appetite following both potato meals relative to the other carbohydrate side dishes but no differences in subsequent intake.

Keywords:
Carbohydrates, Satiety, Diet and foods, Dietary fibers
1.
Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Flegal KM: Prevalence of Obesity in the United States, 2009–2010. NCHS Data Brief 2012;1:1–8.
2.
Rolls BJ: Understanding the mechanisms of food intake and obesity. Obesity Rev 2007;8:67–72.
3.
Kirkmeyer SV, Mattes RD: Effects of food attributes on hunger and food intake. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2000;24:1167–1175.
4.
Bertenshaw EJ, Lluch A, Yeomans MR: Satiating effects of protein but not carbohydrate consumed in a between-meal beverage context. Physiol Behav 2008;93:427–436.
5.
Poppitt SD, McCormack D, Buffenstein R: Short-term effects of macronutrient preloads on appetite and energy intake in lean women. Physiol Behav 1998;64:279–285.
6.
Johnson J, Vickers Z: Effect of flavor and macronutrient composition of food servings on liking, hunger and subsequent intake. Appetite 1993;21:25–39.
7.
Porrini M, Crovetti R, Testolin G, Silva S: Evaluation of satiety sensations and food intake after different preloads. Appetite 1995;25:17–30.
8.
Potier M, Fromentin G, Lesdema A, Benamouzig R, Tomé D, Marsset-Baglieri A: The satiety effect of disguised liquid preloads administered acutely and differing only in their nutrient content tended to be weaker for lipids but did not differ between proteins and carbohydrates in human subjects. Br J Nutr 2010;104:1406–1414.
9.
Capaldi ED, Owens J, Privitera GJ: Isocaloric meal and snack foods differentially affect eating behavior. Appetite 2006;46:117–123.
10.
Rolls B, Roe L, Meengs J: Salad and satiety: energy density and portion size of a first-course salad affect energy intake at lunch. J Am Diet Assoc 2004;10:1570–1576.
11.
Delargy HJ, O’Sullivan K, Fletcher RJ, Blundell JE: Effects of amount and type of dietary fibre (soluble and insoluble) on short-term control of appetite. Int J Food Sci Nutr 1997;48:67–77.
12.
Silberbauer C, Frey-Rindova P, Langhans W: Breakfasts with different fiber and macronutrient contents do not differentially affect timing, size or microstructure of the subsequent lunch. Z Ernährungswiss 1996;35:356–368.
13.
Burley VJ, Leeds AR, Blundell JE: The effect of high and low-fiber breakfasts on hunger; satiety and food intake in a subsequent meal. Int J Obes 1987;11:87–93.
14.
Rolls BJ, Bell EA, Thorwart ML: Water incorporated into a food but not served with food decreases energy intake in lean women. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;70:448–455.
15.
Rolls BJ, Castellanos VH, Halford JC, Kilara A, Pelkman CL, Smith GP, Thorwart ML: Volume of food consumed affects satiety in men. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;67:1170–1177.
16.
Jenkins DJ, Wolever TM, Taylor RH, Barker H, Fielden H, Baldwin JM, Bowling AC, Newman HC, Jenkins AL, Goff DV: Glycemic index of foods: a physiological basis for carbohydrate exchange. Am J Clin Nutr 1981;34:362–366.
17.
Van Amelsvoort JM, Weststrate JA: Amylose-amylopectin ratio in a meal affects postprandial variables in male volunteers. Am J Clin Nutr 1992;55:712–718.
18.
Benini L, Castellani G, Brighenti F, Heaton KW, Brentegani MT, Casiraghi MC, Sembenini C, et al: Gastric emptying of a solid meal is accelerated by the removal of dietary fibre naturally present in food. Gut 1995;36:825–830.
19.
Ludwig DS, Majzoub JA, Al-Zahrani A, Dallal GE, Blanco I, Roberts SB: High glycemic index foods, overeating, and obesity. Pediatrics 1999;103:e26.
20.
Chapman IM, Goble EA, Wittert GA, Morley JE, Horowitz M: Effect of intravenous glucose and euglycemic insulin infusions on short-term appetite and food intake. Am J Physiol 1998;274:R596–R603.
21.
Gielkens HA, Verkijk M, Lam WF, Lamers CB, Masclee AA: Effects of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia on satiety in humans. Metabolism 1998;47:321–324.
22.
Holt S, Brand J, Soveny C, Hansky J: Relationship of satiety to postprandial glycaemic, insulin and cholecystokinin responses. Appetite 1992;18:129–141.
23.
Holt S, Miller JC, Petocz P, Farmakalidis E: A satiety index of common foods. Eur J Clin Nutr 1995;49:675–690.
24.
Yanovski SZ: Binge eating disorder: current knowledge and future directions. Obes Res 1993;1:306–324.
25.
Zung WW, Richards CB, Short MJ: Self-rating depression scale in an outpatient clinic. Further validation of the SDS. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1965;13:508–515.
26.
Stunkard AJ, Messick S: The three-factor eating questionnaire to measure dietary restraint, disinhibition and hunger. J Psychosom Res 1985;29:71–83.
27.
Foster-Powell K, Holt S, Brand-Miller JC: International table of glycemic index and glycemic load values. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;76:5–56.
28.
Fernandes G, Velangi A, Wolever TM: Glycemic index of potatoes commonly consumed in North America. J Am Diet Assoc 2005;105:557–562.
29.
Geliebter A, Maher MM, Gerace L, Gutin B, Heymsfield SB, Hashim SA: Effects of strength or aerobic training on body composition, resting metabolic rate, and peak oxygen consumption in obese dieting subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;66:557–563.
30.
Norton GN, Anderson AS, Hetherington MM: Volume and variety: relative effects on food intake. Physiol Behav 2006;87:714–722.
31.
Leeman M, Ostman E, Bjorck I: Glycaemic and satiating properties of potato products. Eur J Clin Nutr 2008;62:87–95.
32.
Warren JM, Henry CJ, Simonite V: Reduced food intake in preadolescent children. Pediatrics 2003;112:e414.
33.
Roberts S: Glycemic index and satiety. Nutrition in clinical care 2003;6:20–26.
34.
Ball SD, Keller KR, Moyer-Mileur LJ, Ding YW, Donaldson D, Jackson WD: Prolongation of satiety after low versus moderately high glycemic index meals in obese adolescents. Pediatrics 2003;111:488–494.
35.
Holt SH, Brand-Miller JC, Stitt PA: The effects of equal-energy portions of different breads on blood glucose levels, feelings of fullness and subsequent food intake. J Am Diet Assoc 2001;101:767–773.
36.
Holt SH, Brand-Miller JC, Petocz P: Interrelationships among postprandial satiety, glucose and insulin responses and changes in subsequent food intake. Eur J Clin Nutr 1996;50:788–797.
© 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel
2012
Copyright / Drug Dosage / Disclaimer
Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.
Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.
You do not currently have access to this content.