Ces dernières années, il a été démontré à quel point la croissance et le développement pendant la vie intra-utérine influaient sur le bien-être futur. La croissance du fœtus ne peut atteindre son plein potentiel qu’avec une interaction adéquate et finement régulée entre la mère, le placenta et le fœtus. Plusieurs facteurs environnementaux et maternels comme l’alimentation de la mère, sa composition corporelle et son statut endocrine peuvent modifier cet équilibre fragile. De plus, la fonction et le métabolisme du placenta contribuent à réguler la disponibilité des nutriments pour le fœtus et toute modification de ce mécanisme complexe peut compromettre le déroulement de la grossesse. Dans ce chapitre, nous souhaitons éclaircir les mécanismes physiologiques qui régulent cette interaction mère, fœtus, placenta, et aussi montrer comment de petites modifications peuvent engendrer des pathologies (tels qu’un retard de croissance intra-utérine ou un diabète gestationnel) ayant des conséquences importantes sur la santé du fœtus et de l’adulte qu’il deviendra.

Keywords:
Croissance fœtale, Nutrition fœtale, Grossesse, Métabolisme, Transport placentaire
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© 2010 Nestec Ltd., Vevey/S. Karger AG, Basel
2010
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