Wisdom is the child of experience.

Leonardo da Vinci

The idea of publishing this special issue on HPV in Acta Cytologica was inspired by: (i) a lack of a compact treatise of HPV topics in the recent volumes of Acta, and (ii) the need to portray the current progress made in the translational research of this ancient virus, with its remarkable capacity to survive for over 300 million years, and its increasing impact on human health that has been recognized in recent decades.

Incredible scientific progress was evoked by the two ground-breaking papers of Meisels and Fortin [1] and Purola and Savia [2] published in Acta Cytologica in 1976/1977. These papers were instrumental in making HPV the most important oncogenic virus in humans. It is possible to cover the ever-increasing range of divergent HPV topics comprehensively only in the textbooks. There was thus a careful selection of topics when planning the contents of this special issue. We invited a selected group of authors with established publication record on HPV research to make contributions, with an attempt to maintain the balance between basic and clinical research, and not forgetting HPV epidemiology. The reviews that have been included address a wide range of characteristics by which this virus is recognized. They offer descriptions of how such a tiny virus with only a few genes and a few proteins is capable of having such a major impact on the malignant transformation of human cells.

We sincerely hope that this special issue of Acta Cytologica will aid in maintaining the interest in this minuscule dinosaur, that has already caused turmoil for the research profile of so many scientists and has had a profound impact on diagnostic and clinical practice in many different fields of medicine. As Guest Editor, I conclude by expressing sincere thanks to everyone who directly and indirectly contributed to the completion of this special issue of Acta Cytologica [3-11].

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

1.
Meisels
A
,
Fortin
R
.
Condylomatous lesions of the cervix and vagina. I. Cytologic patterns
.
Acta Cytol
.
1976
Nov-Dec
;
20
(
6
):
505
9
.
[PubMed]
0001-5547
2.
Purola
E
,
Savia
E
.
Cytology of gynecologic condyloma acuminatum
.
Acta Cytol
.
1977
Jan-Feb
;
21
(
1
):
26
31
.
[PubMed]
0001-5547
3.
Cuschieri
K
,
Lorincz
AT
,
Nedjai
B
.
Human papillomavirus research: where should we place our bets?
Acta Cytol
.
2019
;
•••
: 0001-5547
4.
de Oliveira
CM
.
Adaptation of alpha-papillomavirus over millennia
.
Acta Cytol
.
2018
Dec
;
•••
:
1
3
.
[PubMed]
0001-5547
5.
Sichero
L
,
Rollison
DE
,
Amorrortu
RP
,
Tommasino
M
.
Beta human papillomavirus and associated diseases
.
Acta Cytol
.
2019
Jan
;
•••
:
1
9
.
[PubMed]
0001-5547
6.
Sichero
L
,
Giuliano
AR
,
Villa
LL
.
Human papillomavirus and genital disease in men: what have we learned from the HIM study
.
Acta Cytol
.
2019
;
•••
: 0001-5547
7.
Albuquerque
A
,
Medeiros
R
.
New insights into the role of human papillomavirus in anal cancer and anal wart development
.
Acta Cytol
.
2019
;
•••
: 0001-5547
8.
Syrjänen
S
,
Syrjänen
K
.
HPV in head and neck carcinomas: different HPV profiles in oropharyngeal carcinomas – why?
Acta Cytol
.
2019
;
•••
: 0001-5547
9.
Kero
K
,
Rautava
J
.
HPV infections in heterosexual couples: mechanisms and covariates of virus transmission
.
Acta Cytol
.
2019
;
•••
: 0001-5547
10.
Paaso
A
,
Jaakola
A
,
Syrjänen
S
,
Louvanto
K
.
From HPV infection to lesion progression: the role of HLA alleles and host immunity
.
Acta Cytol
.
2019
;
•••
:
1
11
. 0001-5547
11.
de Oliveira
CM
,
José Humberto Tavares Guerreiro Fregnani
JH
,
Villa
LL
.
HPV vaccine: updates and highlights
.
Acta Cytol
.
2019
;
•••
: 0001-5547
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