Introduction: Mandibular osteosarcoma (MOS) is a rare malignant bone tumour known for its rapid and aggressive behaviour, particularly in cases of relapse. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment. Case Presentation: We report the case of a 48-year-old woman with recurrent MOS. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was utilized for diagnosis, facilitating prompt and appropriate treatment. The FNAC technique proved essential in confirming the diagnosis quickly, allowing for timely intervention. Conclusion: This case underscores the importance of FNAC in diagnosing MOS, especially in relapse situations where swift treatment is critical. FNAC can be a valuable tool in ensuring rapid and accurate diagnosis, leading to better patient outcomes.

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