Objective: The reliability of cytological diagnoses, especially for low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), is limited. This leads to uncertainty in patient management. The application of adjunctive biomarkers is meant to improve this situation. Therefore, we examined the prognostic value of p16/Ki-67 immunostaining of LSIL cytology specimens. Study Design: We analyzed the p16INK4a and Ki-67 immunocytochemistry (CINtec® PLUS, dual stain) of 260 patients with LSIL. Cytology and dual-stain results were correlated with histology at the time of treatment or with cytological follow-up. Results: After an average duration of 24.9 months (1-58) and a histology rate of 36.2% [cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, grade 2 or higher (CIN2+) as positive], the statistical evaluation for cytology and dual stain resulted in a sensitivity of 98.3 and 90.0%, respectively, a specificity of 74.5% for dual stain, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 22.8 and 51.4%, and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 96.1% for dual stain. Conclusion: The combined immunocytochemical investigation of p16INK4a and Ki-67 leads to a significantly better PPV and a very good NPV for CIN2+ in LSIL, especially in women 30 years of age and older. An objective individualized prognosis may not be achieved with p16INK4a/Ki-67. Statistical data from our study, however, indicate that patient management can be significantly improved by the application of combined p16/Ki-67 immunocytochemistry as an adjunct to cytology.

Keywords:
Cervical cytology, Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, Biomarkers, p16, Ki-67, Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
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2014
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